Вихід 23
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Thou shalt not raise a false report - Acting contrary to this precept is a sin against the ninth commandment. And the inventor and receiver of false and slanderous reports, are almost equally criminal. The word seems to refer to either, and our translators have very properly retained both senses, putting raise in the text, and receive in the margin. The original לא תשא lo tissa has been translated, thou shalt not publish. Were there no publishers of slander and calumny, there would be no receivers; and were there none to receive them, there would be none to raise them; and were there no raisers, receivers, nor propagators of calumny, lies, etc., society would be in peace.
Відкрити джерело ↗LAWS CONCERNING SLANDER, &c. (Exo. 23:1-33) put not thine hand--join not hands.
Відкрити джерело ↗Thou shalt not raise a false report,.... Of a neighbour, or of any man whatever, either secretly by private slanders, whispers, backbiting and tale bearing, by innuendos, detracting from his good name and credit, suggesting things false and wicked concerning him; or publicly in a court of judicature, bringing a false accusation, laying a false charge, and bearing a false testimony against him: or "thou shall not receive a false report" (p); if there were not so many, that say, Report, and we will report it, that are ready to receive every ill thing of their neighbours, there would not be so many that would raise such ill things of them; everything of this kind should be discountenanced, and especially by judges in courts of judicature, who are chiefly spoken to and of in the context; these should not easily admit every charge and accusation brought; nor bear, or endure a false report, as the word also signifies, but discourage, and even punish it: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness; which is not a gesture used in swearing, such as with us, of putting the hand upon a book, which did not obtain so early; nor is there any instance of this kind in Scripture; the gesture used in swearing was either putting the hand under the thigh, which yet is questionable, or lifting of it up to heaven; but here it is expressive of confederacy, of joining hand in hand to carry on a prosecution in an unrighteous way, by bearing false testimony against another; and such were to be guarded against, and not admitted to give evidence in a cause, even a man that is known to be a wicked man, or to have been an unrighteous witness before; on the one hand, a man should be careful of joining with him in a testimony that is unrighteous; and, on the other hand, judges shou…
Відкрити джерело ↗Lastly, no one was to violate another's rights. - Exo 23:1. "Thou shalt not raise (bring out) an empty report." שׁוא שׁמע, a report that has no foundation, and, as the context shows, does injury to another, charges him with wrongdoing, and involves him in legal proceedings. "Put not thine hand with a wicked man (do not offer him thy hand, or render him assistance), to be a witness of violence." This clause is unquestionably connected with the preceding one, and implies that raising a false report furnishes the wicked man with a pretext for bringing the man, who is suspected of crime on account of this false report, before a court of law; in consequence of which the originator or propagator of the empty report becomes a witness of injustice and violence. Exo 23:2-3 Just as little should a man follow a multitude to pervert justice. "Thou shalt not be behind many (follow the multitude) to evil things, nor answer concerning a dispute to incline thyself after many (i.e., thou shalt not give such testimony in connection with any dispute, in which thou takest part with the great majority), so as to pervert" (להטּות), sc., justice. But, on the other hand, "neither shalt thou adorn the poor man in his dispute" (Exo 23:3), i.e., show partiality to the poor or weak man in an unjust cause, out of weak compassion for him. (Compare Lev 19:15, a passage which, notwithstanding the fact that הדר is applied to favour shown to the great or mighty, overthrows Knobel's conjecture, that גּדל should be read for ודל, inasmuch as it prohibits the showing of favour to the one as much as to the other.) Exo 23:4-5 Not only was their conduct not to be determined by public opinion, the direction taken by the multitude, or by weak compassion for a poor man; but personal antipathy, enmity, and hatred…
Відкрити джерело ↗Here are, I. Cautions concerning judicial proceedings; it was not enough that they had good laws, better than ever any nation had, but care must be taken for the due administration of justice according to those laws. 1. The witnesses are here cautioned that they neither occasion an innocent man to be indicted, by raising a false report of him and setting common fame against him, nor assist in the prosecution of an innocent man, or one whom they do not know to be guilty, by putting their hand in swearing as witnesses against him, Exo 23:1. Bearing false witness against a man, in a matter that touches his life, has in it all the guilty of lying, perjury, malice, theft, murder, with the additional stains of colouring all with a pretence of justice and involving many others in the same guilt. There is scarcely any one act of wickedness that a man can possibly be guilty of which has in it a greater complication of villanies than this has. Yet the former part of this caution is to be extended, not only to judicial proceedings, but to common conversation; so that slandering and backbiting are a species of falsewitness-bearing. A man's reputation lies as much at the mercy of every company as his estate or life does at the mercy of a judge or jury; so that he who raises, or knowingly spreads, a false report against his neighbour, especially if the report be made to wise and good men whose esteem one would desire to enjoy, sins as much against the laws of truth, justice, and charity, as a false witness does - with this further mischief, that he leaves it not in the power of the person injured to obtain redress. That which we translate, Thou shalt not raise, the margin reads, Thou shalt not receive a false report; for sometimes the receiver, in this case, is as bad as the thief; a…
Відкрити джерело ↗23:1-9 This call for justice includes a miscellaneous list of covenant requirements, most of which have to do with fairness and integrity. 23:1-3 It is necessary to give true witness, even under the pressure of evil people (23:1), the crowd (23:2), or misguided motives (23:3, 7-8).
Відкрити джерело ↗Мова оригіналу
Єврейські та грецькі слова за цим уривком, із номерами Стронга — від openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
נָשָׂא (nâsâʼ, H5375) — to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative שָׁוְא (shâvᵉʼ, H7723) — evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively… שֵׁמַע (shêmaʻ, H8088) — something heard, i.e. a sound, rumor, announcement; abstractly, audience שִׁית (shîyth, H7896) — to place (in a very wide application) יָד (yâd, H3027) — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), רָשָׁע (râshâʻ, H7563) — morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person חָמָס (châmâç, H2555) — violence; by implication, wrong; by meton. unjust gain עֵד (ʻêd, H5707) — concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e. prince
Відкрити джерело ↗אַחַר (ʼachar, H310) — properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various… רַב (rab, H7227) — abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality) רַע (raʻ, H7451) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral) עָנָה (ʻânâh, H6030) — properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond;… רִיב (rîyb, H7379) — a contest (personal or legal) נָטָה (nâṭâh, H5186) — to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used…
Відкрити джерело ↗הָדַר (hâdar, H1921) — to swell up (literally or figuratively, active or passive); by implication, to favor or… דַּל (dal, H1800) — properly, dangling, i.e. (by implication) weak or thin רִיב (rîyb, H7379) — a contest (personal or legal)
Відкрити джерело ↗פָּגַע (pâgaʻ, H6293) — to impinge, by accident or violence, or (figuratively) by importunity אֹיֵב (ʼôyêb, H341) — hating; an adversary שׁוֹר (shôwr, H7794) — a bullock (as a traveller) חֲמוֹר (chămôwr, H2543) — a male ass (from its dun red) תָּעָה (tâʻâh, H8582) — to vacillate, i.e. reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not…
Відкрити джерело ↗רָאָה (râʼâh, H7200) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied,… חֲמוֹר (chămôwr, H2543) — a male ass (from its dun red) שָׂנֵא (sânêʼ, H8130) — to hate (personally) רָבַץ (râbats, H7257) — to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a recumbent animal); be implication, to recline,… מַשָּׂא (massâʼ, H4853) — a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance,… חָדַל (châdal, H2308) — properly, to be flabby, i.e. (by implication) desist; (figuratively) be lacking or idle עָזַב (ʻâzab, H5800) — to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit, etc.
Відкрити джерело ↗נָטָה (nâṭâh, H5186) — to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used… מִשְׁפָּט (mishpâṭ, H4941) — properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a… אֶבְיוֹן (ʼebyôwn, H34) — destitute רִיב (rîyb, H7379) — a contest (personal or legal)
Відкрити джерело ↗רָחַק (râchaq, H7368) — to widen (in any direction), i.e. (intransitively) recede or (transitively) remove… שֶׁקֶר (sheqer, H8267) — an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial) דָּבָר (dâbâr, H1697) — a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause נָקִי (nâqîy, H5355) — innocent צַדִּיק (tsaddîyq, H6662) — just הָרַג (hârag, H2026) — to smite with deadly intent צָדַק (tsâdaq, H6663) — to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense) רָשָׁע (râshâʻ, H7563) — morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person
Відкрити джерело ↗לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) שַׁחַד (shachad, H7810) — a donation (venal or redemptive) עָוַר (ʻâvar, H5786) — to blind פִּקֵּחַ (piqqêach, H6493) — clear-sighted; figuratively, intelligent סָלַף (çâlaph, H5557) — properly, to wrench, i.e. (figuratively) to subvert דָּבָר (dâbâr, H1697) — a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause צַדִּיק (tsaddîyq, H6662) — just
Відкрити джерело ↗לָחַץ (lâchats, H3905) — properly, to press, i.e. (figuratively) to distress גֵּר (gêr, H1616) — properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner יָדַע (yâdaʻ, H3045) — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses,… נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh, H5315) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in… כִּי (kîy, H3588) — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often… אֶרֶץ (ʼerets, H776) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land) מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim, H4714) — Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
Відкрити джерело ↗שֵׁשׁ (shêsh, H8337) — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ord. sixth שָׁנֶה (shâneh, H8141) — a year (as a revolution of time) זָרַע (zâraʻ, H2232) — to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify אֶרֶץ (ʼerets, H776) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land) אָסַף (ʼâçaph, H622) — to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave… תְּבוּאָה (tᵉbûwʼâh, H8393) — income, i.e. produce (literally or figuratively)
Відкрити джерело ↗שְׁבִיעִי (shᵉbîyʻîy, H7637) — seventh שָׁמַט (shâmaṭ, H8058) — to fling down; incipiently to jostle; figuratively, to let alone, desist, remit נָטַשׁ (nâṭash, H5203) — properly, to pound, i.e. smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to… אֶבְיוֹן (ʼebyôwn, H34) — destitute עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence… אָכַל (ʼâkal, H398) — to eat (literally or figuratively) יֶתֶר (yether, H3499) — properly, an overhanging, i.e. (by implication) an excess, superiority, remainder; also a… חַי (chay, H2416) — alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially… שָׂדֶה (sâdeh, H7704) — a field (as flat) עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application כֶּרֶם (kerem, H3754) — a garden or vineyard זַיִת (zayith, H2132) — an olive (as yielding illuminating oil), the tree, the branch or the berry
Відкрити джерело ↗שֵׁשׁ (shêsh, H8337) — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ord. sixth יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application מַעֲשֶׂה (maʻăseh, H4639) — an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication,… שְׁבִיעִי (shᵉbîyʻîy, H7637) — seventh שָׁבַת (shâbath, H7673) — to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative,… שׁוֹר (shôwr, H7794) — a bullock (as a traveller) חֲמוֹר (chămôwr, H2543) — a male ass (from its dun red) נוּחַ (nûwach, H5117) — to rest, i.e. settle down; used in a great variety of applications, literal and… בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… אָמָה (ʼâmâh, H519) — a maidservant or female slave גֵּר (gêr, H1616) — properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner נָפַשׁ (nâphash, H5314) — to breathe; passively, to be breathed upon , i.e. (figuratively) refreshed (as if by a…
Відкрити джерело ↗אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) שָׁמַר (shâmar, H8104) — properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to,… זָכַר (zâkar, H2142) — properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e. to remember; by implication, to mention;… שֵׁם (shêm, H8034) — an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority,… אַחֵר (ʼachêr, H312) — properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc. אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with… שָׁמַע (shâmaʻ, H8085) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively,… עַל (ʻal, H5921) — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect)… פֶּה (peh, H6310) — the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech);…
Відкрити джерело ↗שָׁלוֹשׁ (shâlôwsh, H7969) — three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice רֶגֶל (regel, H7272) — a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda חָגַג (châgag, H2287) — properly, to move in acircle, i.e. (specifically) to march in asacred procession, to… שָׁנֶה (shâneh, H8141) — a year (as a revolution of time)
Відкрити джерело ↗Перехресні посилання
Інші уривки, які спільнота найчастіше пов'язує з цим. Торкнись, щоб прочитати.
Як трава та — поби́те та ви́сохло серце моє, так що я забував їсти хліб свій.
Свідок брехливий не буде без кари, а хто бре́хні говорить, не буде врято́ваний.
Не свідку́й неправдиво на свого бли́жнього!
Не будеш ходити пліткаре́м серед наро́ду свого. Не будеш настава́ти на життя свого ближнього. Я — Господь!
І чи не так, як нас лають, і як деякі гово́рять, ніби ми кажемо: „Робімо зле, щоб вийшло добре?“ Справедливий о́суд на таких!
Продовж Свою милість на тих, хто знає Тебе, а правду Свою — на людей щиросердих!
Не свідчи́ неправдиво проти ближнього свого!
Свідок брехливий не буде без кари, хто ж неправду говорить, загине.
І я почув гучний голос на небі, який говорив: „Тепер настало спасі́ння, і сила, і царство нашого Бога, і вла́да Христа Його, бо скинений той, хто братів наших ска́ржив, хто перед нашим Богом оска́ржував їх день і ніч!
Свідок брехливий загине, а люди́на, що слухає Боже, говори́тиме за́вжди.