Acts 13
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Commentaries
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Certain prophets and teachers - Προφηται και διδασκαλοι. It is probable that these were not distinct offices; both might be vested in the same persons. By prophets we are to understand, when the word is taken simply, persons who were frequently inspired to predict future events, and by teachers, persons whose ordinary office was to instruct the people in the Christian doctrine. These also, to be properly qualified for the office, must have been endued with the influence of the Holy Spirit; for, as but a very small portion of the Scriptures of the New Testament could have as yet been given, it was necessary that the teachers should derive much of their own teaching by immediate revelation from God. On prophets and teachers, see the note on Act 11:27. Barnabas - Of whom see before, Act 11:22-24. Simeon-Niger - Or Simeon the Black, either because of his complexion, or his hair. It was on reasons of this kind that surnames, surnoms, name upon name were first imposed. Of this Simeon nothing farther is known. Lucius of Cyrene - See Act 11:20. Manaen, which had been brought up with Herod - Our margin has given the proper meaning of the original word συντροφος, a foster-brother; i.e. Manaen was the son of the woman who nursed Herod Antipas; and the son, also, whose milk the young Herod shared. Of a person whose name was Manaen or Menahem, and who was in the court of Herod, we read several things in the Jewish writers. They say that this man had the gift of prophecy, and that he told Herod, when he was but a child, that he would be king. When Herod became king he sent for him to his court, and held him in great estimation. It might have been the son of this Menahem of whom St. Luke here speaks. Dr. Lightfoot has shown this to be at least possible.
Open source ↗BARNABAS AND SAUL, DIVINELY CALLED TO LABOR AMONG THE GENTILES, ARE SET APART AND SENT FORTH BY THE CHURCH AT ANTIOCH. (Act 13:1-3) there were . . . certain prophets--(See on Act 11:27). and teachers; as Barnabas, &c.--implying that there were others there, besides; but, according to what appears the true reading, the meaning is simply that those here mentioned were in the Church at Antioch as prophets and teachers. Simeon . . . Niger--of whom nothing is known. Lucius of Cyrene-- (Act 2:20). He is mentioned, in Rom 16:21, as one of Paul's kinsmen. Manaen--or Menahem, the name of one of the kings of Israel (Kg2 15:14). which had been brought up with--or, the foster brother of. Herod the tetrarch--that is, Antipas, who was himself "brought up with a certain private person at Rome" [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 17.1,3]. How differently did these two foster brothers turn out--the one, abandoned to a licentious life and stained with the blood of the most distinguished of God's prophets, though not without his fits of reformation and seasons of remorse; the other, a devoted disciple of the Lord Jesus and prophet of the Church at Antioch! But this is only what may be seen in every age: "Even so, Father, for so it seemeth good in Thy sight.' If the courtier, whose son, at the point of death, was healed by our Lord (Joh 4:46) was of Herod's establishment, while Susanna's husband was his steward (Luk 8:3), his foster brother's becoming a Christian and a prophet is something remarkable. and Saul--last of all, but soon to become first. Henceforward this book is almost exclusively occupied with him; and his impress on the New Testament, on Christendom, and on the world is paramount.
Open source ↗Now there were in the church that was at Antioch,.... This was Antioch in Syria, where was a Gospel church, and where the disciples were first called Christians; from whence Saul and Barnabas had been sent to Jerusalem, with a supply for the poor saints there, in a time of famine, and from whence they were now returned: and here were certain prophets and teachers; who were both prophets and teachers, though these are sometimes distinguished; who had both a gift of foretelling things to come, as Agabus and others, and of explaining the prophecies of the Old Testament, and of teaching the people evangelic truths; these, at least some of them, came from Jerusalem hither, Act 11:27. As Barnabas, and Simeon that was called Niger; the former of these was a Levite, and of the country of Cyprus, who sold his land and brought the money to the apostles; and who was first sent hither by the church at Jerusalem, upon hearing that many in this place believed, and turned to the Lord, Act 4:36 but of the latter no mention is made elsewhere; by his first name he appears to be a Jew, who by the Romans was called Niger; very likely from the blackness of his complexion, for that word signifies "black": and so the Ethiopic version interprets it: and Lucius of Cyrene; who very probably was one of the synagogue of the Cyrenians, and seems manifestly to be one of the men of Cyrene, that went abroad upon the persecution raised at the death of Stephen, Act 6:9 he is said to be bishop of Cyrene; some take him to be the same Lucius mentioned in Rom 16:21 and others think he is the same with Luke the Evangelist: and Manaen, which had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch: or his foster brother. The Syriac version calls him Manail, and one of Stephens's copies Manael, and the Ethiopic version Man…
Open source ↗We have here a divine warrant and commission to Barnabas and Saul to go and preach the gospel among the Gentiles, and their ordination to that service by the imposition of hands, with fasting and prayer. I. Here is an account of the present state of the church at Antioch, which was planted, Act 11:20. 1. How well furnished it was with good ministers; there were there certain prophets and teachers (Act 13:1), men that were eminent for gifts, graces, and usefulness. Christ, when he ascended on high, gave some prophets and some teachers (Eph 4:11); these were both. Agabus seems to have been a prophet and not a teacher, and many were teachers who were not prophets; but those here mentioned were at times divinely inspired, and had instructions immediately from heaven upon special occasions, which gave them the title of prophets; and withal they were stated teachers of the church in their religious assemblies, expounded the scriptures, and opened the doctrine of Christ with suitable applications. These were the prophets, and scribes, or teachers, which Christ promised to send (Mat 23:34), such as were every way qualified for the service of the Christian church. Antioch was a great city, and the Christians there were many, so that they could not all meet in one place; it was therefore requisite they should have many teachers, to preside in their respective assemblies, and to deliver God's mind to them. Barnabas is first named, probably because he was the eldest, and Saul last, probably because he was the youngest; but afterwards the last became first, and Saul more eminent in the church. Three others are mentioned. (1.) Simeon, or Simon, who for distinction-sake was called Niger, Simon the Black, from the color of his hair; like him that with us was surnamed the Black Prince.…
Open source ↗13:1-3 The prophets and teachers of the church at Antioch spent significant time in worship and prayer, earnestly seeking the Lord’s will as they fasted and opened themselves to divine direction. As they prayed, the Holy Spirit spoke to them, and they set apart Barnabas and Saul in clear recognition of God’s call for them to carry out a special work in his name. The believers’ inward journey in prayer and listening to God is matched by their outward journey in service, evangelism, and mighty works of healing and salvation. 13:1 prophets and teachers: See “The Gift of Prophecy” Theme Note; see also 1 Cor 12:28-29; Eph 4:11. • The name Simeon suggests a Jewish background (see Gen 29:33; Luke 2:25; 3:30); he is also called “the black man”—he was probably of African descent. • Lucius is a Latin name; he came from Cyrene, the capital of Libya in North Africa. He was probably one of the preachers from Cyrene who had brought the Christian message to Antioch (Acts 11:20). • Manaen had been brought up with King Herod Antipas; he was probably Luke’s source for insight into Antipas’s thoughts and actions (see Luke 9:7-9). • Barnabas and Saul are prominently featured in the subsequent narrative.
Open source ↗Original language
The Hebrew and Greek words behind this passage, with Strong's numbers — from openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. ἦν (ēn, G2258) — I (thou, etc.) was (wast or were) κατά (katá, G2596) — (prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case… ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, G1577) — a calling out, i.e. (concretely) a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation… ὤν (ṓn, G5607) — being ἐν (en, G1722) — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc. Ἀντιόχεια (Antiócheia, G490) — Antiochia, a place in Syria τὶς (tìs, G5100) — some or any person or object προφήτης (prophḗtēs, G4396) — a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… διδάσκαλος (didáskalos, G1320) — an instructor (genitive case or specially) τέ (té, G5037) — both or also (properly, as correlation of G2532 (καί)) Βαρνάβας (Barnábas, G921) — son of Nabas (i.e. prophecy); Barnabas, an Israelite Συμεών (Symeṓn, G4826) — Symeon (i.e. Shimon), the name of five Israelites
Open source ↗δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… λειτουργέω (leitourgéō, G3008) — to be a public servant, i.e. (by analogy) to perform religious or charitable functions… κύριος (kýrios, G2962) — supreme in authority, i.e. (as noun) controller; by implication, Master (as a respectful… καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… νηστεύω (nēsteúō, G3522) — to abstain from food (religiously) ἅγιος (hágios, G40) — sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated) πνεῦμα (pneûma, G4151) — a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit,… ἔπω (épō, G2036) — to speak or say (by word or writing) δή (dḗ, G1211) — a particle of emphasis or explicitness; now, then, etc. ἀφορίζω (aphorízō, G873) — to set off by boundary, i.e. (figuratively) limit, exclude, appoint, etc. μοί (moí, G3427) — to me τέ (té, G5037) — both or also (properly, as correlation of G2532 (καί)) Βαρνάβας (Barnábas, G921) — son of Nabas (i.e. prophecy); Barnabas, an Israelite
Open source ↗τότε (tóte, G5119) — the when, i.e. at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution) νηστεύω (nēsteúō, G3522) — to abstain from food (religiously) καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… προσεύχομαι (proseúchomai, G4336) — to pray to God, i.e. supplicate, worship ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi, G2007) — to impose (in a friendly or hostile sense) χείρ (cheír, G5495) — the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by Hebraism) a means or… αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… ἀπολύω (apolýō, G630) — to free fully, i.e. (literally) relieve, release, dismiss (reflexively, depart), or…
Open source ↗μέν (mén, G3303) — properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a… οὖν (oûn, G3767) — (adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly οὗτος (hoûtos, G3778) — the he (she or it), i.e. this or that (often with article repeated) ἐκπέμπω (ekpémpō, G1599) — to despatch ὑπό (hypó, G5259) — under, i.e. (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or… ἅγιος (hágios, G40) — sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated) πνεῦμα (pneûma, G4151) — a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit,… κατέρχομαι (katérchomai, G2718) — to come (or go) down (literally or figuratively) εἰς (eis, G1519) — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively)… Σελεύκεια (Seleúkeia, G4581) — Seleuceia, a place in Syria ἐκεῖθεν (ekeîthen, G1564) — thence τέ (té, G5037) — both or also (properly, as correlation of G2532 (καί)) ἀποπλέω (apopléō, G636) — to set sail Κύπρος (Kýpros, G2954) — Cyprus, an island in the Mediterranean
Open source ↗καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… γίνομαι (gínomai, G1096) — to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with… ἐν (en, G1722) — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc. Σαλαμίς (Salamís, G4529) — Salamis, a place in Cyprus καταγγέλλω (katangéllō, G2605) — to proclaim, promulgate λόγος (lógos, G3056) — something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse),… θεός (theós, G2316) — figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very συναγωγή (synagōgḗ, G4864) — an assemblage of persons; specially, a Jewish "synagogue" (the meeting or the place); by… Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos, G2453) — Judæan, i.e. belonging to Jehudah δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. ἔχω (échō, G2192) — to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote;… Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs, G2491) — Joannes (i.e. Jochanan), the name of four Israelites ὑπηρέτης (hypērétēs, G5257) — an under-oarsman, i.e. (generally) subordinate (assistant, sexton, constable)
Open source ↗δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. διέρχομαι (diérchomai, G1330) — to traverse (literally) νῆσος (nēsos, G3520) — an island ἄχρι (áchri, G891) — (of time) until or (of place) up to Πάφος (Páphos, G3974) — Paphus, a place in Cyprus εὑρίσκω (heurískō, G2147) — to find (literally or figuratively) τὶς (tìs, G5100) — some or any person or object μάγος (mágos, G3097) — a Magian, i.e. Oriental scientist; by implication, a magician ψευδοπροφήτης (pseudoprophḗtēs, G5578) — a spurious prophet, i.e. pretended foreteller or religious impostor Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos, G2453) — Judæan, i.e. belonging to Jehudah ὅς (hós, G3739) — the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that ὄνομα (ónoma, G3686) — a "name" (literally or figuratively) (authority, character) Βαριησοῦς (Bariēsoûs, G919) — son of Jesus (or Joshua); Bar-jesus, an Israelite
Open source ↗ὅς (hós, G3739) — the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that ἦν (ēn, G2258) — I (thou, etc.) was (wast or were) σύν (sýn, G4862) — with or together (but much closer than G3326 (μετά) or G3844 (παρά)), i.e. by… ἀνθύπατος (anthýpatos, G446) — instead of the highest officer, i.e. (specially) a Roman proconsul Σέργιος (Sérgios, G4588) — Sergius, a Roman Παῦλος (Paûlos, G3972) — (little; but remotely from a derivative of G3973 (παύω), meaning the same); Paulus, the… συνετός (synetós, G4908) — mentally put (or putting) together, i.e. sagacious ἀνήρ (anḗr, G435) — a man (properly as an individual male) οὗτος (hoûtos, G3778) — the he (she or it), i.e. this or that (often with article repeated) προσκαλέομαι (proskaléomai, G4341) — to call toward oneself, i.e. summon, invite Βαρνάβας (Barnábas, G921) — son of Nabas (i.e. prophecy); Barnabas, an Israelite καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… Σαῦλος (Saûlos, G4569) — Saulus (i.e. Shaul), the Jewish name of Paul ἐπιζητέω (epizētéō, G1934) — to search (inquire) for; intensively, to demand, to crave
Open source ↗δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. Ἐλύμας (Elýmas, G1681) — Elymas, a wizard μάγος (mágos, G3097) — a Magian, i.e. Oriental scientist; by implication, a magician γάρ (gár, G1063) — properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often… οὕτω (hoútō, G3779) — in this way (referring to what precedes or follows) αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… ὄνομα (ónoma, G3686) — a "name" (literally or figuratively) (authority, character) μεθερμηνεύω (methermēneúō, G3177) — to explain over, i.e. translate ἀνθίστημι (anthístēmi, G436) — to stand against, i.e. oppose ζητέω (zētéō, G2212) — to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by Hebraism) to worship (God), or (in a… διαστρέφω (diastréphō, G1294) — to distort, i.e. (figuratively) misinterpret, or (morally) corrupt ἀνθύπατος (anthýpatos, G446) — instead of the highest officer, i.e. (specially) a Roman proconsul ἀπό (apó, G575) — "off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation;… πίστις (pístis, G4102) — persuasion, i.e. credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of…
Open source ↗δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. Σαῦλος (Saûlos, G4569) — Saulus (i.e. Shaul), the Jewish name of Paul ὁ (ho, G3588) — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom) καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… Παῦλος (Paûlos, G3972) — (little; but remotely from a derivative of G3973 (παύω), meaning the same); Paulus, the… πλήθω (plḗthō, G4130) — to "fill" (literally or figuratively (imbue, influence, supply)); specially, to fulfil… ἅγιος (hágios, G40) — sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated) πνεῦμα (pneûma, G4151) — a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit,… ἀτενίζω (atenízō, G816) — to gaze intently εἰς (eis, G1519) — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively)… αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the…
Open source ↗ἔπω (épō, G2036) — to speak or say (by word or writing) ὦ (ō, G5599) — as a sign of the vocative case, O; as a note of exclamation, oh πλήρης (plḗrēs, G4134) — replete, or covered over; by analogy, complete πᾶς (pâs, G3956) — all, any, every, the whole δόλος (dólos, G1388) — compare G1185 (δελεάζω)); a trick (bait), i.e. (figuratively) wile καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… ῥᾳδιουργία (rhaidiourgía, G4468) — recklessness, i.e. (by extension) malignity υἱός (huiós, G5207) — a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively,… διάβολος (diábolos, G1228) — a traducer; specially, Satan (compare H07854) ἐχθρός (echthrós, G2190) — hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary… δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosýnē, G1343) — equity (of character or act); specially (Christian) justification παύω (paúō, G3973) — to stop (transitively or intransitively), i.e. restrain, quit, desist, come to an end οὐ (ou, G3756) — the absolute negative (compare G3361 (μή)) adverb; no or not διαστρέφω (diastréphō, G1294) — to distort, i.e. (figuratively) misinterpret, or (morally) corrupt
Open source ↗καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… νῦν (nŷn, G3568) — "now" (as adverb of date, a transition or emphasis); also as noun or adjective present or… ἰδού (idoú, G2400) — used as imperative lo!; χείρ (cheír, G5495) — the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by Hebraism) a means or… κύριος (kýrios, G2962) — supreme in authority, i.e. (as noun) controller; by implication, Master (as a respectful… ἐπί (epí, G1909) — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of… σέ (sé, G4571) — thee ἔσομαι (ésomai, G2071) — will be τυφλός (typhlós, G5185) — opaque (as if smoky), i.e. (by analogy) blind (physically or mentally) μή (mḗ, G3361) — (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer… βλέπω (blépō, G991) — to look at (literally or figuratively) ἥλιος (hḗlios, G2246) — perhaps akin to the alternate of G138 (αἱρέομαι)); the sun; by implication, light ἄχρι (áchri, G891) — (of time) until or (of place) up to καιρός (kairós, G2540) — an occasion, i.e. set or proper time
Open source ↗τότε (tóte, G5119) — the when, i.e. at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution) ἀνθύπατος (anthýpatos, G446) — instead of the highest officer, i.e. (specially) a Roman proconsul εἴδω (eídō, G1492) — used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent G3700… γίνομαι (gínomai, G1096) — to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with… πιστεύω (pisteúō, G4100) — to have faith (in, upon, or with respect to, a person or thing), i.e. credit; by… ἐκπλήσσω (ekplḗssō, G1605) — to strike with astonishment ἐπί (epí, G1909) — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of… διδαχή (didachḗ, G1322) — instruction (the act or the matter) κύριος (kýrios, G2962) — supreme in authority, i.e. (as noun) controller; by implication, Master (as a respectful…
Open source ↗δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. Παῦλος (Paûlos, G3972) — (little; but remotely from a derivative of G3973 (παύω), meaning the same); Paulus, the… περί (perí, G4012) — properly, through (all over), i.e. around; figuratively with respect to; used in various… ἀνάγω (anágō, G321) — to lead up; by extension to bring out; specially, to sail away ἀπό (apó, G575) — "off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation;… Πάφος (Páphos, G3974) — Paphus, a place in Cyprus ἔρχομαι (érchomai, G2064) — to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively) εἰς (eis, G1519) — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively)… Πέργη (Pérgē, G4011) — a tower; Perga, a place in Asia Minor Παμφυλία (Pamphylía, G3828) — every-tribal, i.e. heterogeneous (G5561 (χώρα) being implied); Pamphylia, a region of… Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs, G2491) — Joannes (i.e. Jochanan), the name of four Israelites ἀποχωρέω (apochōréō, G672) — to go away αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… ὑποστρέφω (hypostréphō, G5290) — to turn under (behind), i.e. to return (literally or figuratively)
Open source ↗δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… διέρχομαι (diérchomai, G1330) — to traverse (literally) ἀπό (apó, G575) — "off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation;… Πέργη (Pérgē, G4011) — a tower; Perga, a place in Asia Minor παραγίνομαι (paragínomai, G3854) — to become near, i.e. approach (have arrived); by implication, to appear publicly εἰς (eis, G1519) — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively)… Ἀντιόχεια (Antiócheia, G490) — Antiochia, a place in Syria Πισιδία (Pisidía, G4099) — Pisidia, a region of Asia Minor καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… εἰσέρχομαι (eisérchomai, G1525) — to enter (literally or figuratively) συναγωγή (synagōgḗ, G4864) — an assemblage of persons; specially, a Jewish "synagogue" (the meeting or the place); by… σάββατον (sábbaton, G4521) — the Sabbath (i.e. Shabbath), or day of weekly repose from secular avocations (also the… ἡμέρα (hēméra, G2250) — day, i.e. (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but…
Open source ↗Cross-references
Other passages the community most often connects to this one. Tap to read.
Joseph, a Levite from Cyprus, whom the apostles called Barnabas (meaning Son of Encouragement),
But Paul and Barnabas remained at Antioch, along with many others, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord.
And recognizing the grace that I had been given, James, Cephas, and John—those reputed to be pillars—gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, so that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcised.
Then Saul, who was also called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked directly at Elymas
And it was He who gave some to be apostles, some to be prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to be pastors and teachers,
In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, while Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, Herod tetrarch of Galilee, his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene,
Judas and Silas, who themselves were prophets, said much to encourage and strengthen the brothers.
This they did, sending their gifts to the elders with Barnabas and Saul.
He had four unmarried daughters who prophesied.
The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray.