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Matthew 10

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Commentaries

Excerpts gathered from published commentaries to ground the reading.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brownv. 1

MISSION OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. ( = Mar 6:7-13; Luk 9:1-6). (Mat 10:1-5) And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power--The word signifies both "power," and "authority" or "right." Even if it were not evident that here both ideas are included, we find both words expressly used in the parallel passage of Luke (Luk 9:1) --"He gave them power and authority"--in other words, He both qualified and authorized them. against--or "over."

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John Gill Bible Commentaryv. 1

And when he had called to him his twelve disciples,.... These persons had been for some time called by the grace of God, and were already the disciples of Christ, and such as were more familiar and intimate with him, than others, that went by that name. They had sat down at his feet, and had received of his words; they had heard his doctrines, and had seen his miracles, and had been by him training up for public work; but as yet had not been called and sent forth to enter on such service: but now all things being ready, they being properly instructed, and the time for the conversion of a large number of souls being up, he called them together privately; and gave them a commission to preach the Gospel, ordained them ministers of the word, and installed them into the office of apostleship. The number "twelve", is either in allusion to the twelve spies that were sent by Moses into the land of Canaan, or to the twelve stones in Aaron's breast plate; or to the twelve fountains the Israelites found in the wilderness; or to the twelve oxen on which the molten sea stood in Solomon's temple; or to the twelve gates in Ezekiel's temple; or rather, to the twelve patriarchs, and the tribes which sprung from them; that as they were the fathers of the Jewish nation, which was typical of God's chosen people; so these were to be the instruments of spreading the Gospel, not only Judea, but in all the world, and of planting Christian churches there. And that they might appear to come forth with authority, and that their doctrine might be confirmed, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out; or "over all devils", as Luk 9:1. It was usual with the Jews to call a demon or devil , "an unclean spirit"; especially such as frequented burying places: so in one place (l), an unc…

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Matthew Henry Bible Commentaryv. 1

Here we are told, I. Who they were that Christ ordained to be his apostles or ambassadors; they were his disciples, Mat 10:1. He had called them some time before to be disciples, his immediate followers and constant attendants, and he then told them that they should be made fishers of men, which promise he now performed. Note, Christ commonly confers honours and graces by degrees; the light of both, like that of the morning, shines more and more. All this while Christ had kept these twelve, 1. In a state of probation. Though he knows what is in man, though he knew from the first what was in them (Joh 6:70), yet he took this method to give an example to his church. Note, The ministry being a great trust, it is fit that men should be tried for a time, before they are entrusted with it. Let them first be proved, Ti1 3:10. Therefore, hands must not be laid suddenly on any man, but let him first be observed as a candidate and probationer, a proposant (that is the term the French churches use), because some men's sins go before, others follow, Ti1 5:22. 2. In a state of preparation. All this while he had been fitting them for this great work. Note, Those whom Christ intends for, and calls to, any work, he first prepares and qualifies, in some measure, for it. He prepared them, (1.) By taking them to be with him. Note, The best preparative for the work of the ministry, is an acquaintance and communion with Jesus Christ. They that would serve Christ, must first be with him (Joh 12:26). Paul had Christ revealed, not only to him, but in him, before he went to preach him among the Gentiles, Gal 1:16. By the lively acts of faith, and the frequent exercise of prayer and meditation, that fellowship with Christ must be maintained and kept up, which is a requisite qualification for the…

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Tyndale Open Study Notesv. 1

10:1 Jesus called his twelve disciples as workers in the harvest (9:37-38). The choice of twelve is not accidental—it recalls the twelve tribes of Israel. Jesus was appointing new leaders for the new people of God under his reign as Messiah (16:18-19; 18:18; 19:28; 21:43). • gave them authority (9:6-8; 28:18): Jesus enabled the Twelve to perform ministries that the Jewish leaders could not accomplish (9:32-34; 10:5-8). The authority to cast out evil spirits (8:28) and to heal are ascribed to Jesus (4:23; 8:1–9:35) in similar terms.

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Original language

The Hebrew and Greek words behind this passage, with Strong's numbers — from openscriptures (CC BY-SA).

Strong's Concordancev. 1

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… προσκαλέομαι (proskaléomai, G4341) — to call toward oneself, i.e. summon, invite αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… δώδεκα (dṓdeka, G1427) — two and ten, i.e. a dozen μαθητής (mathētḗs, G3101) — a learner, i.e. pupil δίδωμι (dídōmi, G1325) — to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or… ἐξουσία (exousía, G1849) — privilege, i.e. (subjectively) force, capacity, competency, freedom, or (objectively)… ἀκάθαρτος (akáthartos, G169) — impure (ceremonially, morally (lewd) or specially, (demonic)) πνεῦμα (pneûma, G4151) — a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit,… ὥστε (hṓste, G5620) — so too, i.e. thus therefore (in various relations of consecution, as follow) ἐκβάλλω (ekbállō, G1544) — to eject (literally or figuratively) θεραπεύω (therapeúō, G2323) — to wait upon menially, i.e. (figuratively) to adore (God), or (specially) to relieve (of… πᾶς (pâs, G3956) — all, any, every, the whole νόσος (nósos, G3554) — a malady (rarely figuratively, of moral disability)

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Strong's Concordancev. 2

δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. ὄνομα (ónoma, G3686) — a "name" (literally or figuratively) (authority, character) δώδεκα (dṓdeka, G1427) — two and ten, i.e. a dozen ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, G652) — a delegate; specially, an ambassador of the Gospel; officially a commissioner of Christ… ἐστί (estí, G2076) — he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are ταῦτα (taûta, G5023) — these things πρῶτος (prōtos, G4413) — foremost (in time, place, order or importance) Σίμων (Símōn, G4613) — Simon (i.e. Shimon), the name of nine Israelites ὁ (ho, G3588) — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom) λέγω (légō, G3004) — properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or… Πέτρος (Pétros, G4074) — a (piece of) rock (larger than G3037 (λίθος)); as a name, Petrus, an apostle καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… Ἀνδρέας (Andréas, G406) — manly; Andreas, an Israelite αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the…

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Strong's Concordancev. 3

Φίλιππος (Phílippos, G5376) — fond of horses; Philippus, the name of four Israelites καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… Βαρθολομαῖος (Bartholomaîos, G918) — son of Tolmai; Bar-tholomæus, a Christian apostle Θωμᾶς (Thōmâs, G2381) — the twin; Thomas, a Christian Ματθαῖος (Matthaîos, G3156) — Matthæus (i.e. Matthitjah), an Israelite and a Christian τελώνης (telṓnēs, G5057) — a tax-farmer, i.e. collector of public revenue Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos, G2385) — Jacobus, the name of three Israelites ὁ (ho, G3588) — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom) Ἀλφαῖος (Alphaîos, G256) — Alphæus, an Israelite Λεββαῖος (Lebbaîos, G3002) — Lebbæus, a Christian ἐπικαλέομαι (epikaléomai, G1941) — to entitle; by implication, to invoke (for aid, worship, testimony, decision, etc.) Θαδδαῖος (Thaddaîos, G2280) — Thaddæus, one of the Apostles

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Strong's Concordancev. 4

Σίμων (Símōn, G4613) — Simon (i.e. Shimon), the name of nine Israelites Κανανίτης (Kananítēs, G2581) — zealous; Cananites, an epithet καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… Ἰούδας (Ioúdas, G2455) — Judas (i.e. Jehudah), the name of ten Israelites; also of the posterity of one of them… Ἰσκαριώτης (Iskariṓtēs, G2469) — inhabitant of Kerioth; Iscariotes (i.e. Keriothite), an epithet of Judas the traitor ὁ (ho, G3588) — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom) παραδίδωμι (paradídōmi, G3860) — to surrender, i.e yield up, intrust, transmit αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the…

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Strong's Concordancev. 5

τούτους (toútous, G5128) — these (persons, as objective of verb or preposition) δώδεκα (dṓdeka, G1427) — two and ten, i.e. a dozen Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs, G2424) — Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites ἀποστέλλω (apostéllō, G649) — set apart, i.e. (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission) literally or… παραγγέλλω (parangéllō, G3853) — to transmit a message, i.e. (by implication) to enjoin αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… λέγω (légō, G3004) — properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or… ἀπέρχομαι (apérchomai, G565) — to go off (i.e. depart), aside (i.e. apart) or behind (i.e. follow), literally or… μή (mḗ, G3361) — (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer… εἰς (eis, G1519) — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively)… ὁδός (hodós, G3598) — a road; by implication, a progress (the route, act or distance); figuratively, a mode or… ἔθνος (éthnos, G1484) — a race (as of the same habit), i.e. a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-Jewish) one… καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… πόλις (pólis, G4172) — a town (properly, with walls, of greater or less size)

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Strong's Concordancev. 6

δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. πορεύομαι (poreúomai, G4198) — to traverse, i.e. travel (literally or figuratively; especially to remove (figuratively,… μᾶλλον (mâllon, G3123) — (adverbially) more (in a greater degree)) or rather πρός (prós, G4314) — a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e. toward (with the genitive case, the side of,… ἀπόλλυμι (apóllymi, G622) — to destroy fully (reflexively, to perish, or lose), literally or figuratively πρόβατον (próbaton, G4263) — something that walks forward (a quadruped), i.e. (specially), a sheep (literally or… οἶκος (oîkos, G3624) — a dwelling (more or less extensive, literal or figurative); by implication, a family… Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl, G2474) — Israel (i.e. Jisrael), the adopted name of Jacob, including his descendants (literally or…

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Strong's Concordancev. 7

δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. πορεύομαι (poreúomai, G4198) — to traverse, i.e. travel (literally or figuratively; especially to remove (figuratively,… κηρύσσω (kērýssō, G2784) — to herald (as a public crier), especially divine truth (the gospel) λέγω (légō, G3004) — properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or… ὅτι (hóti, G3754) — demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because βασιλεία (basileía, G932) — properly, royalty, i.e. (abstractly) rule, or (concretely) a realm (literally or… οὐρανός (ouranós, G3772) — the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of God); by implication, happiness, power,… ἐγγίζω (engízō, G1448) — to make near, i.e. (reflexively) approach

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Strong's Concordancev. 8

θεραπεύω (therapeúō, G2323) — to wait upon menially, i.e. (figuratively) to adore (God), or (specially) to relieve (of… ἀσθενέω (asthenéō, G770) — to be feeble (in any sense) καθαρίζω (katharízō, G2511) — to cleanse (literally or figuratively) λεπρός (leprós, G3015) — scaly, i.e. leprous (a leper) ἐγείρω (egeírō, G1453) — to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e. rouse (literally, from sleep, from… νεκρός (nekrós, G3498) — dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun) ἐκβάλλω (ekbállō, G1544) — to eject (literally or figuratively) δαιμόνιον (daimónion, G1140) — a dæmonic being; by extension a deity δωρεάν (dōreán, G1432) — gratuitously (literally or figuratively) λαμβάνω (lambánō, G2983) — while G138 (αἱρέομαι) is more violent, to seize or remove)) δίδωμι (dídōmi, G1325) — to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or…

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Strong's Concordancev. 9

κτάομαι (ktáomai, G2932) — to get, i.e. acquire (by any means; own) μή (mḗ, G3361) — (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer… χρυσός (chrysós, G5557) — gold; by extension, a golden article, as an ornament or coin μηδέ (mēdé, G3366) — but not, not even; in a continued negation, nor ἄργυρος (árgyros, G696) — silver (the metal, in the articles or coin) χαλκός (chalkós, G5475) — copper (the substance, or some implement or coin made of it) εἰς (eis, G1519) — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively)… ὑμῶν (hymōn, G5216) — of (from or concerning) you ζώνη (zṓnē, G2223) — a belt; by implication, a pocket

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Strong's Concordancev. 10

μή (mḗ, G3361) — (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer… πήρα (pḗra, G4082) — a wallet or leather pouch for food εἰς (eis, G1519) — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively)… ὁδός (hodós, G3598) — a road; by implication, a progress (the route, act or distance); figuratively, a mode or… μηδέ (mēdé, G3366) — but not, not even; in a continued negation, nor δύο (dýo, G1417) — "two" χιτών (chitṓn, G5509) — a tunic or shirt ὑπόδημα (hypódēma, G5266) — something bound under the feet, i.e. a shoe or sandal ῥάβδος (rhábdos, G4464) — a stick or wand (as a cudgel, a cane or a baton of royalty) γάρ (gár, G1063) — properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often… ἐργάτης (ergátēs, G2040) — a toiler; figuratively, a teacher ἐστί (estí, G2076) — he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are ἄξιος (áxios, G514) — deserving, comparable or suitable (as if drawing praise) αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the…

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Strong's Concordancev. 11

δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. εἰς (eis, G1519) — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively)… ἄν (án, G302) ὅς (hós, G3739) — the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that πόλις (pólis, G4172) — a town (properly, with walls, of greater or less size) ἤ (ḗ, G2228) — disjunctive, or; comparative, than κώμη (kṓmē, G2968) — a hamlet (as if laid down) εἰσέρχομαι (eisérchomai, G1525) — to enter (literally or figuratively) ἐξετάζω (exetázō, G1833) — to test thoroughly (by questions), i.e. ascertain or interrogate τίς (tís, G5101) — an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions) ἐν (en, G1722) — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc. αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… ἐστί (estí, G2076) — he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are ἄξιος (áxios, G514) — deserving, comparable or suitable (as if drawing praise)

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Strong's Concordancev. 12

δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. εἰσέρχομαι (eisérchomai, G1525) — to enter (literally or figuratively) εἰς (eis, G1519) — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively)… οἰκία (oikía, G3614) — properly, residence (abstractly), but usually (concretely) an abode (literally or… ἀσπάζομαι (aspázomai, G782) — to enfold in the arms, i.e. (by implication) to salute, (figuratively) to welcome αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the…

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Strong's Concordancev. 13

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… ἐάν (eán, G1437) — a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other… μέν (mén, G3303) — properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a… οἰκία (oikía, G3614) — properly, residence (abstractly), but usually (concretely) an abode (literally or… ὦ (ō, G5600) — (may, might, can, could, would, should, must, etc.; also with G1487 (εἰ) and its… ἄξιος (áxios, G514) — deserving, comparable or suitable (as if drawing praise) ὑμῶν (hymōn, G5216) — of (from or concerning) you εἰρήνη (eirḗnē, G1515) — peace (literally or figuratively); by implication, prosperity ἔρχομαι (érchomai, G2064) — to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively) ἐπί (epí, G1909) — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of… αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… δέ (dé, G1161) — but, and, etc. ἐὰν μή (eàn mḗ, G3362) — if not, i.e. unless ἐπιστρέφω (epistréphō, G1994) — to revert (literally, figuratively or morally)

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Strong's Concordancev. 14

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… ὅς (hós, G3739) — the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that δέχομαι (déchomai, G1209) — to receive (in various applications, literally or figuratively) ἐὰν μή (eàn mḗ, G3362) — if not, i.e. unless ὑμᾶς (hymâs, G5209) — you (as the objective of a verb or preposition) μηδέ (mēdé, G3366) — but not, not even; in a continued negation, nor ἀκούω (akoúō, G191) — to hear (in various senses) ὑμῶν (hymōn, G5216) — of (from or concerning) you λόγος (lógos, G3056) — something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse),… ἐξέρχομαι (exérchomai, G1831) — to issue (literally or figuratively) ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos, G1565) — that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed οἰκία (oikía, G3614) — properly, residence (abstractly), but usually (concretely) an abode (literally or… ἤ (ḗ, G2228) — disjunctive, or; comparative, than πόλις (pólis, G4172) — a town (properly, with walls, of greater or less size)

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