1. Samuel 31
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Now the Philistines fought - This is the continuation of the account given in Sa1 29:1-11. The men of Israel fled - It seems as if they were thrown into confusion at the first onset, and turned their backs upon their enemies.
Quelle öffnen ↗SAUL HAVING LOST HIS ARMY AT GILBOA, AND HIS SONS BEING SLAIN, HE AND HIS ARMOR-BEARER KILL THEMSELVES. (Sa1 31:1-7) Now the Philistines fought against Israel--In a regular engagement, in which the two armies met (Sa1 28:1-4), the Israelites were forced to give way, being annoyed by the arrows of the enemy, which, destroying them at a distance before they came to close combat, threw them into panic and disorder. Taking advantage of the heights of Mount Gilboa, [the Israelites] attempted to rally, but in vain. Saul and his sons fought like heroes; but the onset of the Philistines being at length mainly directed against the quarter where they were, Jonathan and two brothers, Abinadab or Ishui (Sa1 14:49) and Melchishua, overpowered by numbers, were killed on the spot.
Quelle öffnen ↗Now the Philistines fought against Israel,.... Being come to Jezreel where Israel pitched, Sa1 29:1; they fell upon them, began the battle: and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines; at the first onset, as it should seem: and fell down slain in Mount Gilboa; which was near, and whither fleeing they were pursued and slain, at least great numbers of them.
Quelle öffnen ↗The account of the war between the Philistines and Israel, the commencement of which has already been mentioned in Sa1 28:1, Sa1 28:4., and Sa1 29:1, is resumed in Sa1 31:1 in a circumstantial clause; and to this there is attached a description of the progress and result of the battle, more especially with reference to Saul. Consequently, in Ch1 10:1, where there had been no previous allusion to the war, the participle נלחמים is changed into the perfect. The following is the way in which we should express the circumstantial clause: "Now when the Philistines were fighting against Israel, the men of Israel fled before the Philistines, and slain men fell in the mountains of Gilboa" (vid., Sa1 28:4). The principal engagement took place in the plain of Jezreel. But when the Israelites were obliged to yield, they fled up the mountains of Gilboa, and were pursued and slain there. Sa1 31:2-6 The Philistines followed Saul, smote (i.e., put to death) his three sons (see at Sa1 14:49), and fought fiercely against Saul himself. When the archers (בּקּשׁת אנשׁים is an explanatory apposition to המּורים) hit him, i.e., overtook him, he was greatly alarmed at them (יחל, from חיל or חוּל), (Note: The lxx have adopted the rendering καὶ ἐτραυμάτισαν εἰς τὰ ὑποχόνδρια, they wounded him in the abdomen, whilst the Vulgate rendering is vulneratus est vehementer a sagittariis. In Ch1 10:3 the Sept. rendering is καὶ ἐπόνεσεν ἀπὸ τῶν τόξων, and that of the Vulgate et vulneraverunt jaculis. The translators have therefore derived יחל from חלל = חלה, and then given a free rendering to the other words. But this rendering is overthrown by the word מאד, very, vehemently, to say nothing of the fact that the verb חלל or חלה cannot be proved to be ever used in the sense of wounding. If Saul…
Quelle öffnen ↗The day of recompence has now come, in which Saul must account for the blood of the Amalekites which he had sinfully spared, and that of the priests which he had more sinfully spilt; that of David too, which he would have spilt, must come into the account. Now his day has come to fall, as David foresaw, when he should descend into battle and perish, Sa1 26:10. Come and see the righteous judgments of God. I. He sees his soldiers fall about him, Sa1 31:1. Whether the Philistines were more numerous, better posted, and better led on, or what other advantages they had, we are not told; but it seems they were more vigorous, for they made the onset; they fought against Israel, and the Israelites fled and fell. The best of the troops were put into disorder, and multitudes slain, probably those whom Saul had employed in pursuing David. Thus those who had followed him and served him in his sin went before him in his fall and shared with him in his plagues. II. He sees his sons fall before him. The victorious Philistines pressed most forcibly upon the king of Israel and those about him. His three sons were next him, it is probable, and they were all three slain before his face, to his great grief (for they were the hopes of his family) and to his great terror, for they were now the guard of his person, and he could conclude no other than that his own turn would come next. His sons are named (Sa1 31:2), and it grieves us to find Jonathan among them: that wise, valiant, good man, who was as much David's friend as Saul was his enemy, yet falls with the rest. Duty to his father would not permit him to stay at home, or to retire when the armies engaged; and Providence so orders it that he falls in the common fate of his family, though he never involved himself in the guilt of it; so th…
Quelle öffnen ↗31:1-13 While David was in the south successfully fighting the Amalekites (ch 30), Saul was in the north unsuccessfully fighting the Philistines. 31:1 The Israelites fled southeast from the Jezreel Valley (29:1) to higher and hillier ground. With their chariots, the Philistines had the advantage in the more level valley. • Mount Gilboa is southwest of the Sea of Galilee, far from the territory of the Philistines.
Quelle öffnen ↗Ursprache
Die hebräischen und griechischen Wörter hinter dieser Stelle, mit Strong-Nummern — von openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
פְּלִשְׁתִּי (Pᵉlishtîy, H6430) — a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth לָחַם (lâcham, H3898) — to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by implication, to battle (as destruction) יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl, H3478) — Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity אֱנוֹשׁ (ʼĕnôwsh, H582) — a man in general (singly or collectively) נוּס (nûwç, H5127) — to flit, i.e. vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver) פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and… נָפַל (nâphal, H5307) — to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or… חָלָל (châlâl, H2491) — pierced (especially to death); figuratively, polluted הַר (har, H2022) — a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively) גִּלְבֹּעַ (Gilbôaʻ, H1533) — Gilboa, a mountain of Palestine
Quelle öffnen ↗פְּלִשְׁתִּי (Pᵉlishtîy, H6430) — a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth דָּבַק (dâbaq, H1692) — properly, to impinge, i.e. cling or adhere; figuratively, to catch by pursuit שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… נָכָה (nâkâh, H5221) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively) יְהוֹנָתָן (Yᵉhôwnâthân, H3083) — Jehonathan, the name of four Israelites אֲבִינָדָב (ʼĂbîynâdâb, H41) — Abinadab, the name of four Israelites מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ (Malkîyshûwaʻ, H4444) — Malkishua, an Israelite
Quelle öffnen ↗מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) כָּבַד (kâbad, H3513) — to be heavy, i.e. in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous,… שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites יָרָה (yârâh, H3384) — properly, to flow as water (i.e. to rain); transitively, to lay or throw (especially an… אֱנוֹשׁ (ʼĕnôwsh, H582) — a man in general (singly or collectively) קֶשֶׁת (qesheth, H7198) — a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris מָצָא (mâtsâʼ, H4672) — properly, to come forth to, i.e. appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e. find or… מְאֹד (mᵉʼôd, H3966) — properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication,… חוּל (chûwl, H2342) — properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to…
Quelle öffnen ↗אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites נָשָׂא (nâsâʼ, H5375) — to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative כְּלִי (kᵉlîy, H3627) — something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon) שָׁלַף (shâlaph, H8025) — to pull out, up or off חֶרֶב (chereb, H2719) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or… דָּקַר (dâqar, H1856) — to stab; by analogy, to starve; figuratively, to revile עָרֵל (ʻârêl, H6189) — uncircumcised (i.e. still having the prepuce uncurtailed) בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) עָלַל (ʻâlal, H5953) — to effect thoroughly; specifically, to glean (also figuratively); by implication (in a… אָבָה (ʼâbâh, H14) — to breathe after, i.e. (figuratively) to be acquiescent מְאֹד (mᵉʼôd, H3966) — properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication,… יָרֵא (yârêʼ, H3372) — to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications)
Quelle öffnen ↗נָשָׂא (nâsâʼ, H5375) — to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative כְּלִי (kᵉlîy, H3627) — something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon) רָאָה (râʼâh, H7200) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied,… שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites מוּת (mûwth, H4191) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill נָפַל (nâphal, H5307) — to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or… חֶרֶב (chereb, H2719) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or…
Quelle öffnen ↗שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites מוּת (mûwth, H4191) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill שָׁלוֹשׁ (shâlôwsh, H7969) — three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… נָשָׂא (nâsâʼ, H5375) — to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative כְּלִי (kᵉlîy, H3627) — something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon) אֱנוֹשׁ (ʼĕnôwsh, H582) — a man in general (singly or collectively) יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… יַחַד (yachad, H3162) — properly, a unit, i.e. (adverb) unitedly
Quelle öffnen ↗אֱנוֹשׁ (ʼĕnôwsh, H582) — a man in general (singly or collectively) יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl, H3478) — Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity עֵבֶר (ʻêber, H5676) — properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on… עֵמֶק (ʻêmeq, H6010) — a vale (i.e. broad depression) יַרְדֵּן (Yardên, H3383) — Jarden, the principal river of Palestine רָאָה (râʼâh, H7200) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied,… נוּס (nûwç, H5127) — to flit, i.e. vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver) שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… מוּת (mûwth, H4191) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill עָזַב (ʻâzab, H5800) — to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit, etc. עִיר (ʻîyr, H5892) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere… פְּלִשְׁתִּי (Pᵉlishtîy, H6430) — a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
Quelle öffnen ↗מׇחֳרָת (mochŏrâth, H4283) — the morrow or (adverbially) tomorrow פְּלִשְׁתִּי (Pᵉlishtîy, H6430) — a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) פָּשַׁט (pâshaṭ, H6584) — to spread out (i.e. deploy in hostile array); by analogy, to strip (i.e. unclothe,… חָלָל (châlâl, H2491) — pierced (especially to death); figuratively, polluted מָצָא (mâtsâʼ, H4672) — properly, to come forth to, i.e. appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e. find or… שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites שָׁלוֹשׁ (shâlôwsh, H7969) — three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… נָפַל (nâphal, H5307) — to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or… הַר (har, H2022) — a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively) גִּלְבֹּעַ (Gilbôaʻ, H1533) — Gilboa, a mountain of Palestine
Quelle öffnen ↗כָּרַת (kârath, H3772) — to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to… רֹאשׁ (rôʼsh, H7218) — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of… פָּשַׁט (pâshaṭ, H6584) — to spread out (i.e. deploy in hostile array); by analogy, to strip (i.e. unclothe,… כְּלִי (kᵉlîy, H3627) — something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon) שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) אֶרֶץ (ʼerets, H776) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land) פְּלִשְׁתִּי (Pᵉlishtîy, H6430) — a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth סָבִיב (çâbîyb, H5439) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without… בָּשַׂר (bâsar, H1319) — properly, to be fresh, i.e. full (rosy, (figuratively) cheerful); to announce (glad news) בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) עָצָב (ʻâtsâb, H6091) — an (idolatrous) image עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence…
Quelle öffnen ↗שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760) — to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and… כְּלִי (kᵉlîy, H3627) — something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon) בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (ʻAshtârôwth, H6252) — Ashtaroth, the name of a Sidonian deity, and of a place East of the Jordan בֵּית עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (Bêyth ʻAshtârôwth, H1045) — Beth-Ashtaroth, a place in Palestine תָּקַע (tâqaʻ, H8628) — to clatter, i.e. slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive… גְּוִיָּה (gᵉvîyâh, H1472) — a body, whether alive or dead חוֹמָה (chôwmâh, H2346) — a wall of protection בֵּית שְׁאָן (Bêyth Shᵉʼân, H1052) — Beth-Shean or Beth-Shan, a place in Palestine
Quelle öffnen ↗יָשַׁב (yâshab, H3427) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to… יָבֵשׁ (Yâbêsh, H3003) — Jobesh, the name of an Israelite and of a place in Palestine גִּלְעָד (Gilʻâd, H1568) — Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites שָׁמַע (shâmaʻ, H8085) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively,… פְּלִשְׁתִּי (Pᵉlishtîy, H6430) — a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
Quelle öffnen ↗חַיִל (chayil, H2428) — probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue,… אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… אִישׁ־חַיִל (ʼÎysh-Chayil, H381) — Ishchail (or Ish-chai), an Israelite קוּם (qûwm, H6965) — to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative) יָלַךְ (yâlak, H3212) — to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses) לַיִל (layil, H3915) — properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) גְּוִיָּה (gᵉvîyâh, H1472) — a body, whether alive or dead שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… חוֹמָה (chôwmâh, H2346) — a wall of protection בֵּית שְׁאָן (Bêyth Shᵉʼân, H1052) — Beth-Shean or Beth-Shan, a place in Palestine בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) יָבֵשׁ (Yâbêsh, H3003) — Jobesh, the name of an Israelite and of a place in Palestine
Quelle öffnen ↗לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) עֶצֶם (ʻetsem, H6106) — a bone (as strong); by extension, the body; figuratively, the substance, i.e. (as pron.)… קָבַר (qâbar, H6912) — to inter אֵשֶׁל (ʼêshel, H815) — a tamarisk tree; by extension, a grove of any kind יָבֵשׁ (Yâbêsh, H3003) — Jobesh, the name of an Israelite and of a place in Palestine צוּם (tsûwm, H6684) — to cover over (the mouth), i.e. to fast שֶׁבַע (shebaʻ, H7651) — seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week;… יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to…
Quelle öffnen ↗Querverweise
Andere Stellen, die die Gemeinschaft am häufigsten mit dieser verbindet. Zum Lesen antippen.
Als sich nun die Philister versammelten und kamen und sich zu Sunem lagerten, versammelte auch Saul ganz Israel; und sie lagerten sich auf Gilboa.
Ihr Berge von Gilboa, es müsse weder Tau noch Regen auf euch fallen, noch mögen da Äcker sein, von denen Hebopfer kommen; denn daselbst ist der Schild der Helden schmählich hingeworfen worden, der Schild Sauls, als wäre er nicht mit Öl gesalbt!
Solltet ihr aber trotzdem übel tun, so würdet ihr samt eurem König weggerafft werden.
Samuel aber sprach zu Saul: Warum störst du mich, indem du mich heraufbringen lässest? Saul sprach: Ich bin hart bedrängt; denn die Philister streiten wider mich, und Gott ist von mir gewichen und antwortet mir nicht, weder durch die Propheten, noch durch Träume; darum habe ich dich rufen lassen, damit du mir zeigest, was ich tun soll.
Und es begab sich zu derselben Zeit, daß die Philister ihre Heere zum Kriege versammelten, um wider Israel zu streiten. Und Achis sprach zu David: Wisse bestimmt, daß du mit mir ins Kriegslager ausziehen sollst, du und deine Männer.
Und die Philister versammelten ihr ganzes Heer zu Aphek; Israel aber lagerte sich an der Quelle in Jesreel.