1. Samuel 18
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When he had made an end of speaking - These first five verses are omitted by the Septuagint. See the notes on the preceding chapter, 1 Samuel 17 (note). Jonathan loved him as his own soul - The most intimate friendship subsisted between them; and they loved each other with pure hearts fervently. No love was lost between them; each was worthy of the other. They had a friendship which could not be affected with changes or chances, and which exemplified all that the ancients have said on the subject; Την φιλιαν ισοτητα ειναι, και μιαν ψυχην, τον φιλον ἑτερον αυτον; "Friendship produces an entire sameness; it is one soul in two bodies: a friend is another self."
Quelle öffnen ↗JONATHAN LOVES DAVID. (Sa1 18:1-4) the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David--They were nearly of an age. The prince had taken little interest in David as a minstrel; but his heroism and modest, manly bearing, his piety and high endowments, kindled the flame not of admiration only, but of affection, in the congenial mind of Jonathan.
Quelle öffnen ↗And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul,.... In answer to his questions about his descent and family, and doubtless more things were talked of than are recorded: that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David: he won his heart, made a conquest of his affections, these went out towards him, and cleaved unto him; such were the comeliness of his person, his graceful mien and deportment, his freedom and fluency of expression, his courage and undauntedness, joined with prudence, modesty, and integrity, that they strongly attached him to him: and Jonathan loved him as his own soul; not only according to the excellency of David's soul, and the greatness of it, as that deserved respect and love, as Abarbinel suggests, but he loved him as he loved himself. There was a similarity in their persons, in their age, in the dispositions of their minds, in their wisdom, courage, modesty, faithfulness, and openness of soul, that attracted them to each other, that they became as another self; as one soul, as Aristotle speaks (r) of true friends: instances of very cordial friendship are given by Plutarch (s), as in Theseus and Pirithous, Achilles and Patroclus, Orestes and Pylades, Pythias and Damon, Epaminondas and Pelopidas; but none equal to this. (r) Ethic. l. 9. c. 4, 9. So Porphyr. de Vita Pythagor. (s) Apud Patrick in loc.
Quelle öffnen ↗The bond of friendship which Jonathan formed with David was so evidently the main point, that in Sa1 18:1 the writer commences with the love of Jonathan to David, and then after that proceeds in Sa1 18:2 to observe that Saul took David to himself from that day forward; whereas it is very evident that Saul told David, either at the time of his conversation with him or immediately afterwards, that he was henceforth to remain with him, i.e., in his service. "The soul of Jonathan bound itself (lit. chained itself; cf. Gen 44:30) to David's soul, and Jonathan loved him as his soul." The Chethibh ויּאהבו with the suffix ו attached to the imperfect is very rare, and hence the Keri ויּאהבהוּ (vid., Ewald, 249, b., and Olshausen, Gramm. p. 469). לשׁוּב, to return to his house, viz., to engage in his former occupation as shepherd.
Quelle öffnen ↗David was anointed to the crown to take it out of Saul's hand, and over Jonathan's head, and yet here we find, I. That Saul, who was now in possession of the crown, reposed a confidence in him, God so ordering it, that he might by his preferment at court be prepared for future service. Saul now took David home with him, and would not suffer him to return again to his retirement, Sa1 18:2. And David having signalized himself above the men of war, in taking up the challenge which they declined, Saul set him over the men of war (Sa1 18:5), not that he made him general (Abner was in that post), but perhaps captain of the life-guard; or, though he was youngest, he ordered him to have the precedency, in recompence of his great services. He employed him in the affairs of government; and David went out withersoever Saul sent him, showing himself as dutiful as he was bold and courageous. Those that hope to rule must first learn to obey. He had approved himself a dutiful son to Jesse his father, and now a dutiful servant to Saul his master; those that are good in one relation it is to be hoped will be so in another. II. That Jonathan, who was heir to the crown, entered into covenant with him, God so ordering it, that David's way might be the clearer when his rival was his friend. 1. Jonathan conceived an extraordinary kindness and affection for him (Sa1 18:1): When he had made an end of speaking to Saul he fell perfectly in love with him. Whether it refers to his conference with Saul before the battle (Sa1 17:34, Sa1 17:37), or to that after (v. 51), in which it is probable much more was said than is there set down, is uncertain. But, in both, David expressed himself with so much prudence, modesty, and piety, such a felicity of expression, with so much boldness and yet so much sw…
Quelle öffnen ↗18:1 David and Jonathan had much in common: both were young and capable, were military heroes, had a robust faith in God, and had a claim to the throne of Israel. It is a testimony to Jonathan’s true character that he recognized and supported God’s choice of David to be the next king of Israel (see 18:3-4; 20:12-17). • Jonathan loved David: See 20:17; 2 Sam 1:26. Others in this chapter are also said to love David: all Israel and Judah (1 Sam 18:16), Saul’s daughter Michal (18:20), and Saul’s servants (18:22). Some modern interpreters see a homosexual relationship between David and Jonathan, but the text implies nothing other than a deep and loyal friendship.
Quelle öffnen ↗Ursprache
Die hebräischen und griechischen Wörter hinter dieser Stelle, mit Strong-Nummern — von openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
כָּלָה (kâlâh, H3615) — to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete,… דָבַר (dâbar, H1696) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a… שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh, H5315) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in… יְהוֹנָתָן (Yᵉhôwnâthân, H3083) — Jehonathan, the name of four Israelites קָשַׁר (qâshar, H7194) — to tie, physically (gird, confine, compact) or mentally (in love, league) דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse אָהַב (ʼâhab, H157) — to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
Quelle öffnen ↗שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… נָתַן (nâthan, H5414) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.) שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… אָב (ʼâb, H1) — father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
Quelle öffnen ↗יְהוֹנָתָן (Yᵉhôwnâthân, H3083) — Jehonathan, the name of four Israelites דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse כָּרַת (kârath, H3772) — to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to… בְּרִית (bᵉrîyth, H1285) — a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh) אַהֲבָה (ʼahăbâh, H160) — {affection (in a good or a bad sense)} נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh, H5315) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in…
Quelle öffnen ↗יְהוֹנָתָן (Yᵉhôwnâthân, H3083) — Jehonathan, the name of four Israelites פָּשַׁט (pâshaṭ, H6584) — to spread out (i.e. deploy in hostile array); by analogy, to strip (i.e. unclothe,… מְעִיל (mᵉʻîyl, H4598) — a robe (i.e. upper and outer garment) נָתַן (nâthan, H5414) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.) דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse מַד (mad, H4055) — properly, extent, i.e. height; also a measure; by implication, a vesture (as measured);… חֶרֶב (chereb, H2719) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or… קֶשֶׁת (qesheth, H7198) — a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris חָגוֹר (châgôwr, H2289) — belted
Quelle öffnen ↗דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) שָׂכַל (sâkal, H7919) — to be (causatively, make or act) circumspect and hence, intelligent שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760) — to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and… אֱנוֹשׁ (ʼĕnôwsh, H582) — a man in general (singly or collectively) מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) יָטַב (yâṭab, H3190) — to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy,… עַיִן (ʻayin, H5869) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape) עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence… עֶבֶד (ʻebed, H5650) — a servant
Quelle öffnen ↗בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… נָכָה (nâkâh, H5221) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively) פְּלִשְׁתִּי (Pᵉlishtîy, H6430) — a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… עִיר (ʻîyr, H5892) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere… יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl, H3478) — Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity שִׁיר (shîyr, H7891) — to sing מְחֹלָה (mᵉchôlâh, H4246) — a dance קִרְאָה (qirʼâh, H7125) — an encountering, accidental, friendly or hostile (also adverbially, opposite) מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
Quelle öffnen ↗אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman עָנָה (ʻânâh, H6030) — properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond;… שָׂחַק (sâchaq, H7832) — to laugh (in pleasure or detraction); by implication, to play אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites נָכָה (nâkâh, H5221) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively) אֶלֶף (ʼeleph, H505) — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as… דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse רְבָבָה (rᵉbâbâh, H7233) — abundance (in number), i.e. (specifically) a myriad (whether definite or indefinite)
Quelle öffnen ↗שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites מְאֹד (mᵉʼôd, H3966) — properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication,… חָרָה (chârâh, H2734) — to glow or grow warm; figuratively (usually) to blaze up, of anger, zeal, jealousy דָּבָר (dâbâr, H1697) — a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause יָרַע (yâraʻ, H3415) — properly, to be broken up (with any violent action) i.e. (figuratively) to fear עַיִן (ʻayin, H5869) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape) אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) נָתַן (nâthan, H5414) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.) דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse רְבָבָה (rᵉbâbâh, H7233) — abundance (in number), i.e. (specifically) a myriad (whether definite or indefinite) אֶלֶף (ʼeleph, H505) — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as… מְלוּכָה (mᵉlûwkâh, H4410) — something ruled, i.e. a realm
Quelle öffnen ↗שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites עָוַן (ʻâvan, H5770) — to watch (with jealosy) דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… הָלְאָה (hâlᵉʼâh, H1973) — to the distance, i.e. far away; also (of time) thus far
Quelle öffnen ↗מׇחֳרָת (mochŏrâth, H4283) — the morrow or (adverbially) tomorrow רַע (raʻ, H7451) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral) רוּחַ (rûwach, H7307) — wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively,… אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with… צָלַח (tsâlach, H6743) — to push forward, in various senses (literal or figurative, transitive or intransitive) שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites נָבָא (nâbâʼ, H5012) — to prophesy, i.e. speak (or sing) by inspiration (in prediction or simple discourse) תָּוֶךְ (tâvek, H8432) — a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse נָגַן (nâgan, H5059) — properly, to thrum, i.e. beat atune with the fingers; expectation. to play on astringed… יָד (yâd, H3027) — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… חֲנִית (chănîyth, H2595) — a lance (for thrusting, like pitching a tent)
Quelle öffnen ↗שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites טוּל (ṭûwl, H2904) — to pitch over or reel; hence (transitively) to cast down or out חֲנִית (chănîyth, H2595) — a lance (for thrusting, like pitching a tent) אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) נָכָה (nâkâh, H5221) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively) דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse קִיר (qîyr, H7023) — a wall (as built in a trench) סָבַב (çâbab, H5437) — to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and… פַּעַם (paʻam, H6471) — a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)
Quelle öffnen ↗שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites יָרֵא (yârêʼ, H3372) — to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and… דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God סוּר (çûwr, H5493) — to turn off (literal or figurative)
Quelle öffnen ↗שָׁאוּל (Shâʼûwl, H7586) — Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites סוּר (çûwr, H5493) — to turn off (literal or figurative) שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760) — to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and… שַׂר (sar, H8269) — a head person (of any rank or class) אֶלֶף (ʼeleph, H505) — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as… יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and… עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence…
Quelle öffnen ↗דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse שָׂכַל (sâkal, H7919) — to be (causatively, make or act) circumspect and hence, intelligent דֶּרֶךְ (derek, H1870) — a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God
Quelle öffnen ↗Querverweise
Andere Stellen, die die Gemeinschaft am häufigsten mit dieser verbindet. Zum Lesen antippen.
Wer viele Gefährten hat, gefährdet sich selbst; aber es gibt einen Freund, der anhänglicher ist als ein Bruder.
Dazu nahm Jonatan einen Eid von David bei der Liebe, die er zu ihm hatte; denn er liebte ihn wie seine eigene Seele.
Es ist mir leid um dich, mein Bruder Jonatan; du bist mir sehr lieb gewesen! Deine Liebe war mir viel angenehmer als Frauenliebe!
Jonatan aber und David machten einen Bund miteinander; denn er hatte ihn lieb wie seine eigene Seele.
damit ihre Herzen ermahnt, in Liebe zusammengeschlossen und mit völliger Gewißheit bereichert werden, zur Erkenntnis des Geheimnisses Gottes, welches ist Christus,
Käme ich nun zu deinem Knechte, meinem Vater, und der Knabe wäre nicht bei mir, an dessen Seele doch seine Seele gebunden ist,
Ein solcher Prophet aber oder ein solcher Träumer soll sterben, weil er Abfall gelehrt hat von dem HERRN, eurem Gott, der euch aus Ägyptenland geführt und dich von dem Diensthause erlöst hat; er hat dich abbringen wollen von dem Wege, den der HERR, dein Gott, geboten hat, darin zu wandeln. Also sollst du das Böse aus deiner Mitte ausrotten!
Darum verriet Jonatan dieses dem David und sprach: Mein Vater Saul trachtet darnach, dich zu töten. So nimm dich nun morgen in acht und bleibe verborgen und verstecke dich!
Es kamen auch von den Kindern Benjamin und Juda auf die Bergfeste zu David.
Also versammelten sich alle Männer von Israel bei der Stadt, verbündet wie ein Mann.