Vertiefung

Offenbarung 18

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Adam Clarke Bible CommentaryV. 1

The earth was lightened with his glory - This may refer to some extraordinary messenger of the everlasting Gospel, who, by his preaching and writings, should be the means of diffusing the light of truth and true religion over the earth.

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Jamieson-Fausset-BrownV. 1

BABYLON'S FALL: GOD'S PEOPLE CALLED OUT OF HER: THE KINGS AND MERCHANTS OF THE EARTH MOURN, WHILE THE SAINTS REJOICE AT HER FALL. (Rev. 18:1-24) And--so Vulgate and ANDREAS. But A, B, Syriac, and Coptic omit "And." power--Greek, "authority." lightened--"illumined." with--Greek, "owing to."

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John Gill Bible CommentaryV. 1

And after these things,.... The vision of the woman on the scarlet coloured beast, and the interpretation of both by the angel: I saw another angel; not the Lord Jesus Christ, though the several things said of this angel agree with him; nor one of the ministering spirits, though the characters of him will also suit with one of them, but rather a minister of the Gospel, or a set of Gospel ministers, who will arise a little before the downfall of Babylon, in the spiritual reign of Christ; though not the same with the angel of fire, Rev 14:18 as some have thought, because of his illustrious appearance, and the loudness of his voice; but the same with the angel, or third thundering voice in Rev 14:6 for not only the times of both agree, but the selfsame words are expressed by one as by the other; and this angel is distinct from him that showed John the preceding vision, and gave him the interpretation of it, and from all the seven angels that had the vials, and is described as follows: and first by the place from whence he came, John saw him come down from heaven; denoting the suddenness of his appearance and cry; he came down at once, and cried out immediately; the subject of his cry, the destruction of Babylon, being what will be at an unawares; and also the commission and authority of the ministers signified by him, who will have their warrant from heaven to say what they will deliver; so that this likewise expresses the truth of their message, since both that and they come from heaven: having great power; to do great work, to declare the fall of Babylon the great: or "having great authority"; being sent from the King of kings, in his name, as his ambassador, to proclaim what shortly will come to pass; an event of the greatest importance to the glory of God, the interest…

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Matthew Henry Bible CommentaryV. 1

The downfall and destruction of Babylon form an event so fully determined in the counsels of God, and of such consequence to his interests and glory, that the visions and predictions concerning it are repeated. 1. Here is another angel sent from heaven, attended with great power and lustre, Rev 18:1. He had not only light in himself, to discern the truth of his own prediction, but to inform and enlighten the world about that great event; and not only light to discern it, but power to accomplish it. 2. This angel publishes the fall of Babylon, as a thing already come to pass; and this he does with a mighty strong voice, that all might hear the cry, and might see how well this angel was pleased to be the messenger of such tidings. Here seems to be an allusion to the prediction of the fall of pagan Babylon (Isa 21:9), where the word is repeated as it is here: has fallen, has fallen. Some have thought a double fall is hereby intended, first her apostasy, and then her ruin; and they think the words immediately following favour their opinion; She has become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and the cage of every unclean and hateful bird, Rev 18:2. But this is also borrowed from Isa 21:9, and seems to describe not so much her sin of entertaining idols (which are truly called devils) as her punishment, it being a common notion that unclean spirits, as well as ominous and hateful birds, used to haunt a city or house that lay in its ruins. 3. The reason of this ruin is declared (Rev 18:3); for, though God is not obliged to give any account of his matters, yet he is pleased to do so, especially in those dispensations of providence that are most awful and tremendous. The wickedness of Babylon had been very great; for she had not only forsaken the true God…

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Tyndale Open Study NotesV. 1

18:1-24 This chapter contains seven poetic responses to the fall of Babylon (or Rome; see study note on 17:5). 18:1-3 The angel’s powerful taunt song is the first poetic response. Ancient taunt songs derided a defeated enemy (see Isa 13:19-22; 34:10-17). In these taunts, the fall of Babylon (or Rome; see study note on Rev 14:8) is portrayed as a traumatic event for subservient kingdoms and especially for those who had profited from her luxury. The sacking of Rome by the Goths and Visigoths (AD 400s) brought the prosperous empire to an end. 18:1 This angel derived his splendor from heaven. The word splendor is normally used for the divine presence.

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Ursprache

Die hebräischen und griechischen Wörter hinter dieser Stelle, mit Strong-Nummern — von openscriptures (CC BY-SA).

Strong's ConcordanceV. 1

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… μετά (metá, G3326) — properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according… ταῦτα (taûta, G5023) — these things εἴδω (eídō, G1492) — used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent G3700… ἄλλος (állos, G243) — "else," i.e. different (in many applications) ἄγγελος (ángelos, G32) — compare G34 (ἀγέλη)) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by… καταβαίνω (katabaínō, G2597) — to descend (literally or figuratively) ἐκ (ek, G1537) — literal or figurative; direct or remote) οὐρανός (ouranós, G3772) — the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of God); by implication, happiness, power,… ἔχω (échō, G2192) — to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote;… μέγας (mégas, G3173) — big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application) ἐξουσία (exousía, G1849) — privilege, i.e. (subjectively) force, capacity, competency, freedom, or (objectively)… γῆ (gē, G1093) — soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe… φωτίζω (phōtízō, G5461) — to shed rays, i.e. to shine or (transitively) to brighten up (literally or figuratively)

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 2

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… κράζω (krázō, G2896) — properly, to "croak" (as a raven) or scream, i.e. (genitive case) to call aloud (shriek,… ἰσχύς (ischýs, G2479) — compare , a form of G2192 (ἔχω)); forcefulness (literally or figuratively) ἐν (en, G1722) — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc. μέγας (mégas, G3173) — big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application) φωνή (phōnḗ, G5456) — a tone (articulate, bestial or artificial); by implication, an address (for any purpose),… λέγω (légō, G3004) — properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or… Βαβυλών (Babylṓn, G897) — Babylon, the capitol of Chaldæa (literally or figuratively (as a type of tyranny)) πίπτω (píptō, G4098) — to fall (literally or figuratively) γίνομαι (gínomai, G1096) — to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with… κατοικητήριον (katoikētḗrion, G2732) — a dwelling-place δαίμων (daímōn, G1142) — a dæmon or supernatural spirit (of a bad nature) φυλακή (phylakḗ, G5438) — a guarding or (concretely, guard), the act, the person; figuratively, the place, the… πᾶς (pâs, G3956) — all, any, every, the whole

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 3

ὅτι (hóti, G3754) — demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because πᾶς (pâs, G3956) — all, any, every, the whole ἔθνος (éthnos, G1484) — a race (as of the same habit), i.e. a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-Jewish) one… πίνω (pínō, G4095) — to imbibe (literally or figuratively) ἐκ (ek, G1537) — literal or figurative; direct or remote) οἶνος (oînos, G3631) — "wine" (literally or figuratively) θυμός (thymós, G2372) — passion (as if breathing hard) αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… πορνεία (porneía, G4202) — harlotry (including adultery and incest); figuratively, idolatry καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… βασιλεύς (basileús, G935) — a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively) γῆ (gē, G1093) — soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe… πορνεύω (porneúō, G4203) — to act the harlot, i.e. (literally) indulge unlawful lust (of either sex), or… μετά (metá, G3326) — properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according…

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 4

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… ἀκούω (akoúō, G191) — to hear (in various senses) ἄλλος (állos, G243) — "else," i.e. different (in many applications) φωνή (phōnḗ, G5456) — a tone (articulate, bestial or artificial); by implication, an address (for any purpose),… ἐκ (ek, G1537) — literal or figurative; direct or remote) οὐρανός (ouranós, G3772) — the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of God); by implication, happiness, power,… λέγω (légō, G3004) — properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or… ἐξέρχομαι (exérchomai, G1831) — to issue (literally or figuratively) αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… μοῦ (moû, G3450) — of me λαός (laós, G2992) — a people (in general; thus differing from G1218 (δῆμος), which denotes one's own populace) ἵνα μή (hína mḗ, G3363) — in order (or so) that not συγκοινωνέω (synkoinōnéō, G4790) — to share in company with, i.e. co-participate in ἁμαρτία (hamartía, G266) — a sin (properly abstract)

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 5

ὅτι (hóti, G3754) — demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… ἁμαρτία (hamartía, G266) — a sin (properly abstract) ἀκολουθέω (akolouthéō, G190) — properly, to be in the same way with, i.e. to accompany (specially, as a disciple) κολλάω (kolláō, G2853) — to glue, i.e. (passively or reflexively) to stick (figuratively) ἄχρι (áchri, G891) — (of time) until or (of place) up to οὐρανός (ouranós, G3772) — the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of God); by implication, happiness, power,… καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… θεός (theós, G2316) — figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very μνημονεύω (mnēmoneúō, G3421) — to exercise memory, i.e. recollect; by implication, to punish; also to rehearse ἀδίκημα (adíkēma, G92) — a wrong done

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 6

ἀποδίδωμι (apodídōmi, G591) — to give away, i.e. up, over, back, etc. (in various applications) αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… ὡς (hōs, G5613) — which how, i.e. in that manner (very variously used, as follows) οὗτος (hoûtos, G3778) — the he (she or it), i.e. this or that (often with article repeated) ὑμῖν (hymîn, G5213) — to (with or by) you διπλόω (diplóō, G1363) — to render two-fold διπλοῦς (diploûs, G1362) — two-fold κατά (katá, G2596) — (prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case… ἔργον (érgon, G2041) — toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act ἐν (en, G1722) — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc. ποτήριον (potḗrion, G4221) — a drinking-vessel; by extension, the contents thereof, i.e. a cupful (draught);… ὅς (hós, G3739) — the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that κεράννυμι (keránnymi, G2767) — to mingle, i.e. (by implication) to pour out (for drinking)

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 7

ὅσος (hósos, G3745) — as (much, great, long, etc.) as δοξάζω (doxázō, G1392) — to render (or esteem) glorious (in a wide application) ἑαυτοῦ (heautoû, G1438) — him- (her-, it-, them-, also (in conjunction with the personal pronoun of the other… καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… στρηνιάω (strēniáō, G4763) — to be luxurious τοσοῦτος (tosoûtos, G5118) — apparently from G3588 (ὁ) and G3739 (ὅς)) and G3778 (οὗτος) (including its variations);… βασανισμός (basanismós, G929) — torture πένθος (pénthos, G3997) — grief δίδωμι (dídōmi, G1325) — to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or… αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… ὅτι (hóti, G3754) — demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because λέγω (légō, G3004) — properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or… ἐν (en, G1722) — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc. καρδία (kardía, G2588) — the heart, i.e. (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the…

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 8

τοῦτο (toûto, G5124) — that thing διά (diá, G1223) — through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional) ἥκω (hḗkō, G2240) — to arrive, i.e. be present (literally or figuratively) αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… πληγή (plēgḗ, G4127) — a stroke; by implication, a wound; figuratively, a calamity ἐν (en, G1722) — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc. μία (mía, G3391) — one or first ἡμέρα (hēméra, G2250) — day, i.e. (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but… θάνατος (thánatos, G2288) — (properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively) καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… πένθος (pénthos, G3997) — grief λιμός (limós, G3042) — a scarcity of food κατακαίω (katakaíō, G2618) — to burn down (to the ground), i.e. consume wholly πῦρ (pŷr, G4442) — "fire" (literally or figuratively, specially, lightning)

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 9

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… βασιλεύς (basileús, G935) — a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively) γῆ (gē, G1093) — soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe… ὁ (ho, G3588) — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom) πορνεύω (porneúō, G4203) — to act the harlot, i.e. (literally) indulge unlawful lust (of either sex), or… στρηνιάω (strēniáō, G4763) — to be luxurious μετά (metá, G3326) — properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according… αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… κλαίω (klaíō, G2799) — to sob, i.e. wail aloud (whereas 1145 is rather to cry silently) κόπτω (kóptō, G2875) — to "chop"; specially, to beat the breast in grief ἐπί (epí, G1909) — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of… ὅταν (hótan, G3752) — whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty); also causatively… βλέπω (blépō, G991) — to look at (literally or figuratively) καπνός (kapnós, G2586) — smoke

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 10

ἵστημι (hístēmi, G2476) — to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or… μακρόθεν (makróthen, G3113) — from a distance or afar ἀπό (apó, G575) — "off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation;… διά (diá, G1223) — through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional) φόβος (phóbos, G5401) — alarm or fright αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… βασανισμός (basanismós, G929) — torture λέγω (légō, G3004) — properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or… οὐαί (ouaí, G3759) — "woe" μέγας (mégas, G3173) — big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application) πόλις (pólis, G4172) — a town (properly, with walls, of greater or less size) Βαβυλών (Babylṓn, G897) — Babylon, the capitol of Chaldæa (literally or figuratively (as a type of tyranny)) ἰσχυρός (ischyrós, G2478) — forcible (literally or figuratively) ὅτι (hóti, G3754) — demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 11

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… ἔμπορος (émporos, G1713) — a (wholesale) tradesman γῆ (gē, G1093) — soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe… κλαίω (klaíō, G2799) — to sob, i.e. wail aloud (whereas 1145 is rather to cry silently) πενθέω (penthéō, G3996) — to grieve (the feeling or the act) ἐπί (epí, G1909) — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of… αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… ὅτι (hóti, G3754) — demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because οὐδείς (oudeís, G3762) — not even one (man, woman or thing), i.e. none, nobody, nothing ἀγοράζω (agorázō, G59) — properly, to go to market, i.e. (by implication) to purchase; specially, to redeem γόμος (gómos, G1117) — a load (as filling), i.e. (specially) a cargo, or (by extension) wares οὐκέτι (oukéti, G3765) — not yet, no longer

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 12

γόμος (gómos, G1117) — a load (as filling), i.e. (specially) a cargo, or (by extension) wares χρυσός (chrysós, G5557) — gold; by extension, a golden article, as an ornament or coin καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… ἄργυρος (árgyros, G696) — silver (the metal, in the articles or coin) τίμιος (tímios, G5093) — valuable, i.e. (objectively) costly, or (subjectively) honored, esteemed, or… λίθος (líthos, G3037) — a stone (literally or figuratively) μαργαρίτης (margarítēs, G3135) — a pearl βύσσος (býssos, G1040) — white linen πορφύρα (porphýra, G4209) — the "purple" mussel, i.e. (by implication) the red-blue color itself, and finally a… σηρικός (sērikós, G4596) — hence the name of the silk-worm); Seric, i.e. silken (neuter as noun, a silky fabric) κόκκινος (kókkinos, G2847) — crimson-colored πᾶς (pâs, G3956) — all, any, every, the whole θύϊνος (thýïnos, G2367) — denoting a certain fragrant tree); made of citron-wood ξύλον (xýlon, G3586) — timber (as fuel or material); by implication, a stick, club or tree or other wooden…

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 13

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… κινάμωμον (kinámōmon, G2792) — cinnamon θυμίαμα (thymíama, G2368) — an aroma, i.e. fragrant powder burnt in religious service; by implication, the burning… μύρον (mýron, G3464) — "myrrh", i.e. (by implication) perfumed oil λίβανος (líbanos, G3030) — the incense-tree, i.e. (by implication) incense itself οἶνος (oînos, G3631) — "wine" (literally or figuratively) ἔλαιον (élaion, G1637) — olive oil σεμίδαλις (semídalis, G4585) — fine wheaten flour σῖτος (sîtos, G4621) — grain, especially wheat κτῆνος (ktēnos, G2934) — property, i.e. (specially) a domestic animal πρόβατον (próbaton, G4263) — something that walks forward (a quadruped), i.e. (specially), a sheep (literally or… ἵππος (híppos, G2462) — a horse ῥέδα (rhéda, G4480) — a rheda, i.e. four-wheeled carriage (wagon for riding) σῶμα (sōma, G4983) — the body (as a sound whole), used in a very wide application, literally or figuratively

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Strong's ConcordanceV. 14

καί (kaí, G2532) — and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other… ὀπώρα (opṓra, G3703) — properly, even-tide of the (summer) season (dog-days), i.e. (by implication) ripe fruit σοῦ (soû, G4675) — of thee, thy ψυχή (psychḗ, G5590) — breath, i.e. (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely (the animal sentient… ἐπιθυμία (epithymía, G1939) — a longing (especially for what is forbidden) ἀπέρχομαι (apérchomai, G565) — to go off (i.e. depart), aside (i.e. apart) or behind (i.e. follow), literally or… ἀπό (apó, G575) — "off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation;… πᾶς (pâs, G3956) — all, any, every, the whole ὁ (ho, G3588) — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom) λιπαρός (liparós, G3045) — fat, i.e. (figuratively) sumptuous λαμπρός (lamprós, G2986) — radiant; by analogy, limpid; figuratively, magnificent or sumptuous (in appearance) εὑρίσκω (heurískō, G2147) — to find (literally or figuratively) αὐτός (autós, G846) — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the… οὐκέτι (oukéti, G3765) — not yet, no longer

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