5. Mose 24
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OF DIVORCES. (Deu. 24:1-22) When a man hath taken a wife, and married her, and it come to pass that she find no favour in his eyes--It appears that the practice of divorces was at this early period very prevalent amongst the Israelites, who had in all probability become familiar with it in Egypt [LANE]. The usage, being too deep-rooted to be soon or easily abolished, was tolerated by Moses (Mat 19:8). But it was accompanied under the law with two conditions, which were calculated greatly to prevent the evils incident to the permitted system; namely: (1) The act of divorcement was to be certified on a written document, the preparation of which, with legal formality, would afford time for reflection and repentance; and (2) In the event of the divorced wife being married to another husband, she could not, on the termination of that second marriage, be restored to her first husband, however desirous he might be to receive her.
Quelle öffnen ↗When a man hath taken a wife and married her,.... That is, when a man has made choice of a woman for his wife, and has obtained her consent, and the consent of her parents; and has not only betrothed her, but taken her home, and consummated the marriage: and it come to pass that she find no favour in his eyes; is not agreeable to him, he takes no delight in her person, nor pleasure in her company and conversation; but, on the contrary, his affections are alienated from her, and he cannot bear the sight of her: because he hath found some uncleanness in her; something that he disliked, and was disagreeable to him, and which made their continuance together in the marriage state very uncomfortable; which led him on to be very ill-natured, severe, and cruel to her; so that her life was exposed to danger, or at least become very uneasy; in which case a divorce was permitted, both for the badness of the man's heart, and in favour of the woman, that she might be freed from such rigorous usage. This word "uncleanness" does not signify adultery, or any of the uncleannesses forbidden in Lev 18:6; because that was punishable with death, when it could be proved; and where there was only a suspicion of it, the husband might make use of the bitter water: though the house of Shammai seem to take it in this sense; for they say a man might not divorce his wife unless he found her in some unclean thing, something dishonest and wicked, and which they ground upon these words; but the house of Hillell say, if she burnt his food, or spoiled it by over salting, or over roasting it; and Akiba says, even if he found another woman more beautiful than her or more agreeable to him. But neither his sense, nor that of the house of Shammai, are approved of by the Jews in general, but that of the house…
Quelle öffnen ↗Deu 24:1-5 contain two laws concerning the relation of a man to his wife. The first (Deu 24:1-4) has reference to divorce. In these verses, however, divorce is not established as a right; all that is done is, that in case of a divorce a reunion with the divorced wife is forbidden, if in the meantime she had married another man, even though the second husband had also put her away, or had died. The four verses form a period, in which Deu 24:1-3 are the clauses of the protasis, which describe the matter treated about; and Deu 24:4 contains the apodosis, with the law concerning the point in question. If a man married a wife, and he put her away with a letter of divorce, because she did not please him any longer, and the divorced woman married another man, and he either put her away in the same manner or died, the first husband could not take her as his wife again. The putting away (divorce) of a wife with a letter of divorce, which the husband gave to the wife whom he put away, is assumed as a custom founded upon tradition. This tradition left the question of divorce entirely at the will of the husband: "if the wife does not find favour in his eyes (i.e., does not please him), because he has found in her something shameful" (Deu 23:15). ערוה, nakedness, shame, disgrace (Isa 20:4; Sa1 20:30); in connection with דּבר, the shame of a thing, i.e., a shameful thing (lxx ἄσχημον πρᾶγμα; Vulg. aliquam faetiditatem). The meaning of this expression as a ground of divorce was disputed even among the Rabbins. Hillel's school interpret it in the widest and most lax manner possible, according to the explanation of the Pharisees in Mat 19:3, "for every cause." They no doubt followed the rendering of Onkelos, פתגם עבירת, the transgression of a thing; but this is contrary to the use of…
Quelle öffnen ↗This is that permission which the Pharisees erroneously referred to as a precept, Mat 19:7, Moses commanded to give a writing of divorcement. It was not so; our Saviour told them that he only suffered it because of the hardness of their hearts, lest, if they had not had liberty to divorce their wives, they should have ruled them with rigour, and it may be, have been the death of them. It is probable that divorces were in use before (they are taken for granted, Lev 21:14), and Moses thought it needful here to give some rules concerning them. 1. That a man might not divorce his wife unless he found some uncleanness in her, Deu 24:1. It was not sufficient to say that he did not like her, or that he liked another better, but he must show cause for his dislike; something that made her disagreeable and unpleasant to him, though it might not make her so to another. This uncleanness must mean something less than adultery; for, for that, she was to die; and less than the suspicion of it, for in that case he might give her the waters of jealousy; but it means either a light carriage, or a cross froward disposition, or some loathsome sore or disease; nay, some of the Jewish writers suppose that an offensive breath might be a just ground for divorce. Whatever is meant by it, doubtless it was something considerable; so that their modern doctors erred who allowed divorce for every cause, though ever so trivial, Mat 19:3. 2. That it must be done, not by word of mouth, for that might be spoken hastily, but by writing, and that put in due form, and solemnly declared, before witnesses, to be his own act and deed, which was a work of time, and left room for consideration, that it might not be done rashly. 3. That the husband must give it into the hand of his wife, and send her away, which…
Quelle öffnen ↗24:1 something wrong: This phrase indicates sexual impurity or some other impropriety. It does not pertain to adultery, which would have required the death penalty (22:22). • a document of divorce: This procedure was a concession; initiating a divorce in such cases was optional and not necessarily desirable (see Mal 2:16; Matt 5:31-32; Mark 10:2-12).
Quelle öffnen ↗Ursprache
Die hebräischen und griechischen Wörter hinter dieser Stelle, mit Strong-Nummern — von openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman בָּעַל (bâʻal, H1166) — to be master; hence, to marry מָצָא (mâtsâʼ, H4672) — properly, to come forth to, i.e. appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e. find or… חֵן (chên, H2580) — graciousness, i.e. subjective (kindness, favor) or objective (beauty) עַיִן (ʻayin, H5869) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape) דָּבָר (dâbâr, H1697) — a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause עֶרְוָה (ʻervâh, H6172) — nudity, literally (especially the pudenda) or figuratively (disgrace, blemish) כָּתַב (kâthab, H3789) — to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe) סֵפֶר (çêpher, H5612) — properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book כְּרִיתוּת (kᵉrîythûwth, H3748) — a cutting (of the matrimonial bond), i.e. divorce נָתַן (nâthan, H5414) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.) יָד (yâd, H3027) — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
Quelle öffnen ↗יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) הָלַךְ (hâlak, H1980) — to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively) אַחֵר (ʼachêr, H312) — properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc. אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term…
Quelle öffnen ↗אַחֲרוֹן (ʼachărôwn, H314) — hinder; generally, late or last; specifically (as facing the east) western אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… שָׂנֵא (sânêʼ, H8130) — to hate (personally) כָּתַב (kâthab, H3789) — to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe) סֵפֶר (çêpher, H5612) — properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book כְּרִיתוּת (kᵉrîythûwth, H3748) — a cutting (of the matrimonial bond), i.e. divorce נָתַן (nâthan, H5414) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.) יָד (yâd, H3027) — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) מוּת (mûwth, H4191) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman
Quelle öffnen ↗רִאשׁוֹן (riʼshôwn, H7223) — first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun) בַּעַל (baʻal, H1167) — a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in… שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) יָכֹל (yâkôl, H3201) — to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might) לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman אַחַר (ʼachar, H310) — properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various… טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ, H2930) — to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated) תּוֹעֵבַה (tôwʻêbah, H8441) — properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e. (as noun) an abhorrence; especially… פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and… יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God אֶרֶץ (ʼerets, H776) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land) חָטָא (châṭâʼ, H2398) — properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit,…
Quelle öffnen ↗אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) חָדָשׁ (châdâsh, H2319) — new אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… צָבָא (tsâbâʼ, H6635) — a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army);… עָבַר (ʻâbar, H5674) — to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive,… דָּבָר (dâbâr, H1697) — a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause נָקִי (nâqîy, H5355) — innocent בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) אֶחָד (ʼechâd, H259) — properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first שָׁנֶה (shâneh, H8141) — a year (as a revolution of time) שָׂמַח (sâmach, H8055) — probably to brighten up, i.e. (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome
Quelle öffnen ↗חָבַל (châbal, H2254) — to wind tightly (as a rope), i.e. to bind; specifically, by a pledge; figuratively, to… רֵחֶה (rêcheh, H7347) — a mill-stone רֶכֶב (rekeb, H7393) — a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e. the… נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh, H5315) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in…
Quelle öffnen ↗אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… מָצָא (mâtsâʼ, H4672) — properly, to come forth to, i.e. appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e. find or… גָּנַב (gânab, H1589) — to thieve (literally or figuratively); by implication, to deceive נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh, H5315) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in… אָח (ʼâch, H251) — a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or… בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl, H3478) — Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity עָמַר (ʻâmar, H6014) — to gather grain מָכַר (mâkar, H4376) — to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or… גַּנָּב (gannâb, H1590) — a stealer מוּת (mûwth, H4191) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill בָּעַר (bâʻar, H1197) — to kindle, i.e. consume (by fire or by eating); to be(-come) brutish רַע (raʻ, H7451) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral) קֶרֶב (qereb, H7130) — properly, the nearest part, i.e. the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial…
Quelle öffnen ↗שָׁמַר (shâmar, H8104) — properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to,… נֶגַע (negaʻ, H5061) — a blow (figuratively, infliction); also (by implication) a spot (concretely, a leprous… צָרַעַת (tsâraʻath, H6883) — leprosy מְאֹד (mᵉʼôd, H3966) — properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication,… עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application כֹּהֵן (kôhên, H3548) — literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a… לֵוִיִּי (Lêvîyîy, H3881) — a Levite or descendant of Levi יָרָה (yârâh, H3384) — properly, to flow as water (i.e. to rain); transitively, to lay or throw (especially an… צָוָה (tsâvâh, H6680) — (intensively) to constitute, enjoin
Quelle öffnen ↗זָכַר (zâkar, H2142) — properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e. to remember; by implication, to mention;… יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with… עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application מִרְיָם (Miryâm, H4813) — Mirjam, the name of two Israelitesses דֶּרֶךְ (derek, H1870) — a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim, H4714) — Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
Quelle öffnen ↗נָשָׁה (nâshâh, H5383) — to lend or (by reciprocity) borrow on security or interest רֵעַ (rêaʻ, H7453) — an associate (more or less close) מְאוּמָה (mᵉʼûwmâh, H3972) — properly, a speck or point, i.e. (by implication) something; with negative, nothing מַשָּׁאָה (mashshâʼâh, H4859) — a loan בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) עָבַט (ʻâbaṭ, H5670) — to pawn; causatively, to lend (on security); figuratively, to entangle עֲבוֹט (ʻăbôwṭ, H5667) — a pawn
Quelle öffnen ↗עָמַד (ʻâmad, H5975) — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive) חוּץ (chûwts, H2351) — properly, separate by awall, i.e. outside, outdoors אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… נָשָׁה (nâshâh, H5383) — to lend or (by reciprocity) borrow on security or interest יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… עֲבוֹט (ʻăbôwṭ, H5667) — a pawn
Quelle öffnen ↗אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… עָנִי (ʻânîy, H6041) — depressed, in mind or circumstances שָׁכַב (shâkab, H7901) — to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose) עֲבוֹט (ʻăbôwṭ, H5667) — a pawn
Quelle öffnen ↗שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… עֲבוֹט (ʻăbôwṭ, H5667) — a pawn שֶׁמֶשׁ (shemesh, H8121) — the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e. (architectural) a notched… בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) שָׁכַב (shâkab, H7901) — to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose) שַׂלְמָה (salmâh, H8008) — a dress בָרַךְ (bârak, H1288) — to kneel; by implication to bless God (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as… צְדָקָה (tsᵉdâqâh, H6666) — rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue)… פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and… יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with…
Quelle öffnen ↗עָשַׁק (ʻâshaq, H6231) — to press upon, i.e. oppress, defraud, violate, overflow שָׂכִיר (sâkîyr, H7916) — a man at wages by the day or year עָנִי (ʻânîy, H6041) — depressed, in mind or circumstances אֶבְיוֹן (ʼebyôwn, H34) — destitute אָח (ʼâch, H251) — a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or… גֵּר (gêr, H1616) — properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner אֶרֶץ (ʼerets, H776) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land) שַׁעַר (shaʻar, H8179) — an opening, i.e. door or gate
Quelle öffnen ↗Querverweise
Andere Stellen, die die Gemeinschaft am häufigsten mit dieser verbindet. Zum Lesen antippen.
Wenn jemand ein Weib nimmt und zu ihr kommt, hernach aber sie zu hassen beginnt
So spricht der HERR: Wo ist der Scheidebrief eurer Mutter, mit dem ich sie verstoßen hätte? Oder welchem von meinen Gläubigern habe ich euch verkauft? Siehe, ihr seid um eurer Missetat willen verkauft, und um eurer Übertretung willen ist eure Mutter verstoßen worden.
und obschon sie sah, daß ich die Abtrünnige, Israel, um all ihrer Ehebrecherei willen verstoßen und ihr den Scheidebrief gegeben hatte, so fürchtete sich dennoch ihre treulose Schwester Juda nicht, sondern ging hin und trieb auch Unzucht.
und ihm eine Buße von hundert Schekel Silber auferlegen und dieselben dem Vater der Tochter geben, weil jener eine Jungfrau in Israel verleumdet hat; und er soll sie zum Weibe haben, er kann sie sein Leben lang nicht verstoßen.
so soll der Mann, der bei der Tochter gelegen, ihrem Vater fünfzig Schekel geben, und er soll sie zum Weibe haben, weil er sie geschwächt hat; er kann sie nicht verstoßen sein Leben lang.
und derselbe andere Mann ihr auch gram wird, daß er einen Scheidebrief schreibt und ihr denselben in die Hand gibt und sie aus seinem Hause entläßt; oder wenn der andere Mann stirbt, der sie sich zum Weibe genommen hat
Nimmt er sich aber eine andere, so soll er jener an Nahrung, Kleidung und der ehelichen Pflicht nichts abbrechen.
Denn ich hasse die Ehescheidung, spricht der HERR, der Gott Israels, und daß man sein Kleid mit Frevel zudeckt, spricht der HERR der Heerscharen; darum hütet euch in eurem Geist und seid nicht treulos!
Jeder, der sich von seinem Weibe scheidet und eine andere heiratet, der bricht die Ehe, und jeder, der eine von ihrem Manne Geschiedene heiratet, bricht auch die Ehe.
Aber Joseph, ihr Mann, der gerecht war und sie doch nicht an den Pranger stellen wollte, gedachte sie heimlich zu entlassen.