5. Mose 20
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THE PRIESTS' EXHORTATION TO ENCOURAGE THE PEOPLE TO BATTLE. (Deu. 20:1-20) When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies--In the approaching invasion of Canaan, or in any just and defensive war, the Israelites had reason to expect the presence and favor of God.
Quelle öffnen ↗When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies,.... There were two sorts of war the Israelites were engaged in, one commanded and another permitted, as Maimonides (c) distinguishes; one was by the order and appointment of God, as against the seven nations of Canaan; the other was voluntary and arbitrary, which was left to their own discretion and will, as they saw fit, when they were provoked or distressed, or were invaded by their enemies, or they saw reason to go out against them, and either act the offensive or defensive part, or both; and of each of these some things are said in this chapter: and seest horses and chariots, and a people more than thou; the Israelites had no horses, and so no chariots, their armies were all infantry; but their neighbouring nations that made war with them had a large cavalry, and multitudes of chariots, which made them very formidable; thus Shishak, king of Egypt, in the times of Rehoboam, came against Jerusalem with 1200 chariots and 60,000, horsemen, and people without number; and Zerah the Ethiopian, in the times of Asa, came against him with an host of 100,000 men, and three hundred chariots, Ch2 12:2. be not afraid of them; because of the strength of their cavalry, the terrible approaches of their chariots, and the number of their men: for the Lord thy God is with thee; hence, as Hezekiah says, more would be with them than with their enemies, with whom was an arm of flesh, but with them the Lord their God, Ch2 32:7 and so the Targum of Jonathan,"for all of them shall be reckoned as one horse and one chariot before the Lord your God;''with whom numbers are nothing; and which adds,"for his Word shall be your help;''the eternal Logos, or Word of God; so Onkelos; and if God and his Word, his only begotten Son, are on the side of…
Quelle öffnen ↗Instructions Relating to Military Service. - If the Israelites went out to battle against their foes, and saw horses and chariots, a people more numerous than they were, they were not to be afraid, because Jehovah their God was with them. Horses and chariots constituted the principal strength of the enemies round about Israel; not of the Egyptians only (Exo 14:7), and of the Canaanites and Philistines (Jos 17:16; Jdg 4:3; Sa1 13:5), but of the Syrians also (Sa2 8:4; Ch1 18:4; Ch1 19:18; cf. Psa 20:8). Deu 20:2-4 If they were thus drawing near to war, i.e., arranging themselves for war for the purpose of being mustered and marching in order into the battle (not just as the battle was commencing), the priest was to address the warriors, and infuse courage into them by pointing to the help of the Lord. "The priest" is not the high priest, but the priest who accompanied the army, like Phinehas in the war against the Midianites (Num 31:6; cf. Sa1 4:4, Sa1 4:11; Ch2 13:12), whom the Rabbins call המלחמה משׁיח (the anointed of the battle), and raise to the highest dignity next to the high priest, no doubt simply upon the ground of Num 31:6 (see Lundius, jd. Heiligth. p. 523). Deu 20:5-7 Moreover, the shoterim, whose duty it was, as the keepers of the genealogical tables, to appoint the men who were bound to serve, were to release such of the men who had been summoned to the war as had entered into domestic relations, which would make it a harder thing for them to be exposed to death than for any of the others: for example, any man who had built a new house and had not yet consecrated it, or had planted a vineyard and not yet eaten any of the fruit of it, or was betrothed to a wife and had not yet married her, - that such persons might not die before they had enjoyed the fruits…
Quelle öffnen ↗Israel was at this time to be considered rather as a camp than as a kingdom, entering upon an enemy's country, and not yet settled in a country of their own; and, besides the war they were now entering upon in order to their settlement, even after their settlement they could neither protect nor enlarge their coast without hearing the alarms of war. It was therefore needful that they should have directions given them in their military affairs; and in these verses they are directed in managing, marshalling, and drawing up their own forces. And it is observable that the discipline of war here prescribed is so far from having any thing in it harsh or severe, as is usual in martial law, that the intent of the whole is, on the contrary, to encourage the soldiers, and to make their service easy to them. I. Those that were disposed to fight must be encouraged and animated against their fears. 1. Moses here gives a general encouragement, which the leaders and commanders in the war must take to themselves: "Be not afraid of them, Deu 20:1. Though the enemy have ever so much the advantage by their numbers (being more than thou), and by their cavalry (their armies being much made up of horses and chariots, which thou art not allowed to multiply), yet decline not coming to a battle with them, dread not the issue, nor doubt of success." Two things they must encourage themselves with in their wars, provided they kept close to their God and their religion, otherwise they forfeited these encouragements: - (1.) The presence of God with them: "The Lord thy God is with thee, and therefore thou art not in danger, nor needest thou be afraid." See Isa 41:10. (2.) The experience they and their fathers had had of God's power and goodness in bringing them out of the land of Egypt, in defiance of…
Quelle öffnen ↗Ursprache
Die hebräischen und griechischen Wörter hinter dieser Stelle, mit Strong-Nummern — von openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) אֹיֵב (ʼôyêb, H341) — hating; an adversary רָאָה (râʼâh, H7200) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied,… סוּס (çûwç, H5483) — a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid flight) רֶכֶב (rekeb, H7393) — a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e. the… עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence… רַב (rab, H7227) — abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality) יָרֵא (yârêʼ, H3372) — to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with… עָלָה (ʻâlâh, H5927) — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of… אֶרֶץ (ʼerets, H776) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land) מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim, H4714) — Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
Quelle öffnen ↗קָרַב (qârab, H7126) — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) כֹּהֵן (kôhên, H3548) — literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a… נָגַשׁ (nâgash, H5066) — to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a… דָבַר (dâbar, H1696) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a… עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence…
Quelle öffnen ↗אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) שָׁמַע (shâmaʻ, H8085) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively,… יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl, H3478) — Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity קָרֵב (qârêb, H7131) — near יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) אֹיֵב (ʼôyêb, H341) — hating; an adversary לֵבָב (lêbâb, H3824) — the heart (as the most interior organ); רָכַךְ (râkak, H7401) — to soften (intransitively or transitively), used figuratively יָרֵא (yârêʼ, H3372) — to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten חָפַז (châphaz, H2648) — properly, to start up suddenly, i.e. (by implication) to hasten away, to fear עָרַץ (ʻârats, H6206) — to awe or (intransitive) to dread; hence, to harass פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and…
Quelle öffnen ↗יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with… הָלַךְ (hâlak, H1980) — to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively) לָחַם (lâcham, H3898) — to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by implication, to battle (as destruction) אֹיֵב (ʼôyêb, H341) — hating; an adversary יָשַׁע (yâshaʻ, H3467) — properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to…
Quelle öffnen ↗שֹׁטֵר (shôṭêr, H7860) — properly, a scribe, i.e. (by analogy or implication) an official superintendent or… דָבַר (dâbar, H1696) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a… עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence… אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… בָּנָה (bânâh, H1129) — to build (literally and figuratively) חָדָשׁ (châdâsh, H2319) — new בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) חָנַךְ (chânak, H2596) — properly, to narrow; figuratively, to initiate or discipline יָלַךְ (yâlak, H3212) — to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses) שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… מוּת (mûwth, H4191) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) אַחֵר (ʼachêr, H312) — properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc.
Quelle öffnen ↗אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… נָטַע (nâṭaʻ, H5193) — properly, to strike in, i.e. fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively) כֶּרֶם (kerem, H3754) — a garden or vineyard חָלַל (châlal, H2490) — properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane… יָלַךְ (yâlak, H3212) — to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses) שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) מוּת (mûwth, H4191) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) אַחֵר (ʼachêr, H312) — properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc.
Quelle öffnen ↗אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… אָרַשׂ (ʼâras, H781) — to engage for matrimony אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) יָלַךְ (yâlak, H3212) — to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses) שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) מוּת (mûwth, H4191) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) אַחֵר (ʼachêr, H312) — properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc.
Quelle öffnen ↗שֹׁטֵר (shôṭêr, H7860) — properly, a scribe, i.e. (by analogy or implication) an official superintendent or… דָבַר (dâbar, H1696) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a… יָסַף (yâçaph, H3254) — to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing) עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence… אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… יָרֵא (yârêʼ, H3373) — fearing; morally, reverent רַךְ (rak, H7390) — tender (literally or figuratively); by implication, weak לֵבָב (lêbâb, H3824) — the heart (as the most interior organ); יָלַךְ (yâlak, H3212) — to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses) שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) אָח (ʼâch, H251) — a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or… מָסַס (mâçaç, H4549) — to liquefy; figuratively, to waste (with disease), to faint (with fatigue, fear or grief)
Quelle öffnen ↗שֹׁטֵר (shôṭêr, H7860) — properly, a scribe, i.e. (by analogy or implication) an official superintendent or… כָּלָה (kâlâh, H3615) — to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete,… דָבַר (dâbar, H1696) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a… עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence… פָּקַד (pâqad, H6485) — to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care… שַׂר (sar, H8269) — a head person (of any rank or class) צָבָא (tsâbâʼ, H6635) — a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army);… רֹאשׁ (rôʼsh, H7218) — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of…
Quelle öffnen ↗קָרַב (qârab, H7126) — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose עִיר (ʻîyr, H5892) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere… לָחַם (lâcham, H3898) — to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by implication, to battle (as destruction) קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121) — to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of… שָׁלוֹם (shâlôwm, H7965) — safe, i.e. (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health,…
Quelle öffnen ↗עָנָה (ʻânâh, H6030) — properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond;… שָׁלוֹם (shâlôwm, H7965) — safe, i.e. (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health,… פָּתַח (pâthach, H6605) — to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence… מָצָא (mâtsâʼ, H4672) — properly, to come forth to, i.e. appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e. find or… מַס (maç, H4522) — properly, a burden (as causing to faint), i.e. a tax in the form of forced labor עָבַד (ʻâbad, H5647) — to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc.
Quelle öffnen ↗שָׁלַם (shâlam, H7999) — to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed;… עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) צוּר (tsûwr, H6696) — to cramp, i.e. confine (in many applications, literally and figuratively, formative or…
Quelle öffnen ↗יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with… נָתַן (nâthan, H5414) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.) יָד (yâd, H3027) — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), נָכָה (nâkâh, H5221) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively) זָכוּר (zâkûwr, H2138) — a male (of man or animals) פֶּה (peh, H6310) — the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech);… חֶרֶב (chereb, H2719) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or…
Quelle öffnen ↗אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman טַף (ṭaph, H2945) — a family (mostly used collectively in the singular) בְּהֵמָה (bᵉhêmâh, H929) — properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective) עִיר (ʻîyr, H5892) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere… שָׁלָל (shâlâl, H7998) — booty בָּזַז (bâzaz, H962) — to plunder אָכַל (ʼâkal, H398) — to eat (literally or figuratively) אֹיֵב (ʼôyêb, H341) — hating; an adversary יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with… נָתַן (nâthan, H5414) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
Quelle öffnen ↗Querverweise
Andere Stellen, die die Gemeinschaft am häufigsten mit dieser verbindet. Zum Lesen antippen.
Der HERR aber, der selbst vor dir hergeht, wird mit dir sein und wird die Hand nicht von dir abziehen, noch dich verlassen; fürchte dich nicht und erschrick nicht!
Nun habe ich erfahren, daß der HERR seinem Gesalbten hilft, daß er ihm antwortet von seinem himmlischen Heiligtum mit den hilfreichen Taten seiner Rechten.
Seid tapfer und stark, fürchtet euch nicht und lasset euch nicht vor ihnen grauen; denn der HERR, dein Gott, geht selbst mit dir; er wird die Hände nicht von dir abtun, noch dich verlassen!
Wenn du durchs Wasser gehst, so will ich bei dir sein, und wenn durch Ströme, so sollen sie dich nicht ersäufen. Wenn du durchs Feuer wandelst, sollst du nicht verbrennen, und die Flamme soll dich nicht anzünden.
Was wollen wir nun hierzu sagen? Ist Gott für uns, wer mag wider uns sein?
Niemand soll vor dir bestehen dein Leben lang; wie ich mit Mose gewesen bin, also will ich auch mit dir sein; ich will dich nicht loslassen und gar nicht verlassen.
Wehe denen, die nach Ägypten hinabziehen um Hilfe und sich auf Pferde verlassen und auf Wagen vertrauen, weil ihrer viele sind, und auf Reiter, weil sie sehr stark sind, aber auf den Heiligen Israels nicht sehen und den HERRN nicht suchen!
Habe ich dir nicht geboten, daß du stark und fest sein sollst? Sei unerschrocken und unverzagt; denn der HERR, dein Gott, ist mit dir überall, wohin du gehst.
Darum wird euch der Herr selbst ein Zeichen geben: Siehe, die Jungfrau hat empfangen und wird Mutter eines Sohnes, den sie Immanuel nennen wird.
Der HERR steht mir bei, ich fürchte nichts; was kann ein Mensch mir antun?