3. Mose 2
Eine verständliche Vertiefung zum ganzen Kapitel. Kapitel lesen →
Kommentare
Auszüge aus veröffentlichten Kommentaren, die die Auslegung untermauern.
Meat-offering - מנחה minchah. For an explanation of this word see Clarke's note on Gen 4:3, and Lev. vii. Calmet has remarked that there are five kinds of the minchah mentioned in this chapter. 1. סלת soleth, simple flour or meal, Lev 2:1. 2. Cakes and wafers, or whatever was baked in the oven, Lev 2:4. 3. Cakes baked in the pan, Lev 2:5. 4. Cakes baked on the frying-pan, or probably, a gridiron, Lev 2:7. 5. Green ears of corn parched, Lev 2:14. All these were offered without honey or leaven, but accompanied with wine, oil, and frankincense. It is very likely that the minchah, in some or all of the above forms, was the earliest oblation offered to the Supreme Being, and probably was in use before sin entered into the world, and consequently before bloody sacrifices, or piacular victims, had been ordained. The minchah of green ears of corn dried by the fire, etc., was properly the gratitude-offering for a good seed time, and the prospect of a plentiful harvest. This appears to have been the offering brought by Cain, Gen 4:3; see Clarke's note Gen 4:3. The flour, whether of wheat, rice, barley, rye, or any other grain used for aliment, was in all likelihood equally proper; for in Num 5:15, we find the flour of barley, or barley meal, is called minchah. It is plain that in the institution of the minchah no animal was here included, though in other places it seems to include both kinds; but in general the minchah was not a bloody offering, nor used by way of atonement or expiation, but merely in a eucharistic way, expressing gratitude to God for the produce of the soil. It is such an offering as what is called natural religion might be reasonably expected to suggest: but alas! so far lost is man, that even thankfulness to God for the fruits of the earth must be taught by a…
Quelle öffnen ↗THE MEAT OFFERINGS. (Lev. 2:1-16) when any will offer a meat offering--or gift--distinguishing a bloodless from a bloody sacrifice. The word "meat," however, is improper, as its meaning as now used is different from that attached at the date of our English translation. It was then applied not to "flesh," but "food," generally, and here it is applied to the flour of wheat. The meat offerings were intended as a thankful acknowledgment for the bounty of Providence; and hence, although meat offerings accompanied some of the appointed sacrifices, those here described being voluntary oblations, were offered alone. pour oil upon it--Oil was used as butter is with us; symbolically it meant the influences of the Spirit, of which oil was the emblem, as incense was of prayer.
Quelle öffnen ↗And when any man will offer a meat offering unto the Lord,.... Or, "when a soul", and which Onkelos renders "a man", so called from his more noble part; and, as the Jews say, this word is used because the Minchah, or meat offering here spoken of, was a freewill offering, and was offered up with all the heart and soul; and one that offered in this manner, it was all one as if he offered his soul to the Lord (s): there were some meat offerings which were appointed and fixed at certain times, and were obliged to be offered, as at the daily sacrifice, the consecration of priests, the waving of the sheaf, &c. Exo 29:40 but this was a freewill offering; wherefore it is said, "when any man will offer"; the Hebrew word "a meat offering", may be derived from "to bring" or "offer", and so is a name common to offerings of any sort; or from to "recreate" and delight, it being of a sweet savour to the Lord, as other offerings were; others derive it from a root not in use, and in the Chaldee language signifies a gift or present, in which sense this word is used, Gen 32:13. his offering shall be of fine flour; of flour of wheat, Exo 29:2 for, as the Jews say, there is no fine flour but wheat, and this was for the meat offering, Ch1 21:23 and this was to be of the finest of the wheat; for all offerings, whether private or public, were to be of the best, and to be brought from those places which were noted for having the best; and the best places for fine flour were Mechmas and Mezonicha, and the next to them were Caphariim, in the valley; and though it might be taken out of any part of the land of Israel and used, yet it chiefly came from hence (t); and according to the Jewish writers (u); the least quantity of fine flour used in a meat offering was the tenth part of an ephah, which wa…
Quelle öffnen ↗The first kind consisted of soleth, probably from סלה = סלל to swing, swung flour, like πάλη from πάλλω, i.e., fine flour; and for this no doubt wheaten flour was always used, even when חטּים is not added, as in Exo 29:2, to distinguish it from קמח, or ordinary meal (σεμίδαλις: Kg1 5:2). The suffix in קרבּנו (his offering) refers to נפשׁ, which is frequently construed as both masculine and feminine (Lev 4:2, Lev 4:27-28, Lev 2:1, etc.), or as masculine only (Num 31:28) in the sense of person, any one. "And let him pour oil upon it, and put incense thereon (or add incense to it)." This was not spread upon the flour, on which oil had been poured, but added in such a way, that it could be lifted from the minchah and burned upon the altar (Lev 2:2). The priest was then to take a handful of the gift that had been presented, and cause the azcarah of it to evaporate above (together with) all the incense. קמצו מלא: the filling of his closed hand, i.e., as much as he could hold with his hand full, not merely with three fingers, as the Rabbins affirm. Azcarah (from זכר, formed like אשׁמרה from שׁמר) is only applied to Jehovah's portion, which was burned upon the altar in the case of the meat-offering (Lev 2:9, Lev 2:16, and Lev 6:8), the sin-offering of flour (Lev 5:11), and the jealousy-offering (Num 5:26), and to the incense added to the shew-bread (Lev 24:7). It does not mean the prize portion, i.e., the portion offered for the glory of God, as De Dieu and Rosenmller maintain, still less the fragrance-offering (Ewald), but the memorial, or remembrance-portion, μνημόσυνον or ἀνάμνησις (Lev 24:7, lxx), memoriale (Vulg.), inasmuch as that part of the minchah which was placed upon the altar ascended in the smoke of the fire "on behalf of the giver, as a practical mememto ('r…
Quelle öffnen ↗There were some meat-offerings that were only appendices to the burnt-offerings, as that which was offered with the daily sacrifice (Exo 29:38, Exo 29:39) and with the peace-offerings; these had drink-offerings joined with them (see Num 15:4, Num 15:7, Num 15:9, Num 15:10), and in these the quantity was appointed. But the law of this chapter concerns those meat-offerings that were offered by themselves, whenever a man saw cause thus to express his devotion. The first offering we read of in scripture was of this kind (Gen 4:3): Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering. I. This sort of offerings was appointed, 1. In condescension to the poor, and their ability, that those who themselves lived only upon bread and cakes might offer an acceptable offering to God out of that which was their own coarse and homely fare, and by making for God's altar, as the widow of Sarepta for his prophet, a little cake first, might procure such a blessing upon the handful of meal in the barrel, and the oil in the cruse, as that it should not fail. 2. As a proper acknowledgment of the mercy of God to them in their food. This was like a quit-rent, by which they testified their dependence upon God, their thankfulness to him, and their expectations from him as their owner and bountiful benefactor, who giveth to all life, and breath, and food convenient. Thus must they honour the Lord with their substance, and, in token of their eating and drinking to his glory, must consecrate some of their meat and drink to his immediate service. Those that now, with a grateful charitable heart, deal out their bread to the hungry, and provide for the necessities of those that are destitute of daily food, and when they eat the fat and drink the sweet themselves send portions to those for whom nothing i…
Quelle öffnen ↗2:1-16 The grain offering (Hebrew minkhah, “gift, present”) was a way to express worship to the Lord through a gift, recognizing him as Lord over the life of the worshiper. The grain offering was to accompany each whole burnt offering (Num 28:3-6, 12-13), sin offering (Num 6:14-15), and peace offering (Lev 9:4; Num 6:17). The grain offering supplied the priest with bread for his daily sustenance, because no farmland was allocated to priests. 2:1 Choice flour was fine wheat flour (in contrast with common barley flour). See also 1 Kgs 4:22; Ezek 16:13, 19. • Israelites used olive oil as shortening in their cooking, as lamp fuel, and for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Accordingly, it was associated with the rich produce of the land and with God’s provision (Deut 8:8). • Like choice flour, frankincense was frequently connected with the Tabernacle (Exod 30:34; Lev 24:7) or the Temple (1 Chr 9:29). This fragrant tree resin was also used by individuals on special occasions (Song 3:6; Matt 2:11). It was a primary ingredient of the holy incense burned in the Holy Place as a tangible expression of worship (Exod 30:34-38).
Quelle öffnen ↗Ursprache
Die hebräischen und griechischen Wörter hinter dieser Stelle, mit Strong-Nummern — von openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh, H5315) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in… קָרַב (qârab, H7126) — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… קׇרְבָּן (qorbân, H7133) — something brought near the altar, i.e. a sacrificial present יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God סֹלֶת (çôleth, H5560) — flour (as chipped off) יָצַק (yâtsaq, H3332) — properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as… שֶׁמֶן (shemen, H8081) — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness נָתַן (nâthan, H5414) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.) לְבוֹנָה (lᵉbôwnâh, H3828) — frankincense (from its whiteness or perhaps that of its smoke)
Quelle öffnen ↗בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) אַהֲרוֹן (ʼAhărôwn, H175) — Aharon, the brother of Moses בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… כֹּהֵן (kôhên, H3548) — literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a… קָמַץ (qâmats, H7061) — to grasp with the hand שָׁם (shâm, H8033) — there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence קֹמֶץ (qômets, H7062) — a grasp, i.e. handful מְלֹא (mᵉlôʼ, H4393) — fulness (literally or figuratively) סֹלֶת (çôleth, H5560) — flour (as chipped off) שֶׁמֶן (shemen, H8081) — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness לְבוֹנָה (lᵉbôwnâh, H3828) — frankincense (from its whiteness or perhaps that of its smoke) קָטַר (qâṭar, H6999) — to smoke, i.e. turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship) אַזְכָּרָה (ʼazkârâh, H234) — a reminder; specifically remembrance-offering מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbêach, H4196) — an altar
Quelle öffnen ↗יָתַר (yâthar, H3498) — to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left;… מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… אַהֲרוֹן (ʼAhărôwn, H175) — Aharon, the brother of Moses בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… קֹדֶשׁ (qôdesh, H6944) — a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H801) — properly, a burnt-offering; but occasionally of any sacrifice יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God
Quelle öffnen ↗קָרַב (qârab, H7126) — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose קׇרְבָּן (qorbân, H7133) — something brought near the altar, i.e. a sacrificial present מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… מַאֲפֶה (maʼăpheh, H3989) — something baked, i.e. a batch תַּנּוּר (tannûwr, H8574) — a fire-pot מַצָּה (matstsâh, H4682) — properly, sweetness; concretely, sweet (i.e. not soured or bittered with yeast);… חַלָּה (challâh, H2471) — a cake (as usually punctured) סֹלֶת (çôleth, H5560) — flour (as chipped off) בָּלַל (bâlal, H1101) — to overflow (specifically with oil.); by implication, to mix; to fodder שֶׁמֶן (shemen, H8081) — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness רָקִיק (râqîyq, H7550) — a thin cake מָשַׁח (mâshach, H4886) — to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint; by implication, to consecrate; also to paint
Quelle öffnen ↗קׇרְבָּן (qorbân, H7133) — something brought near the altar, i.e. a sacrificial present מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… מַחֲבַת (machăbath, H4227) — a pan for baking in סֹלֶת (çôleth, H5560) — flour (as chipped off) מַצָּה (matstsâh, H4682) — properly, sweetness; concretely, sweet (i.e. not soured or bittered with yeast);… בָּלַל (bâlal, H1101) — to overflow (specifically with oil.); by implication, to mix; to fodder שֶׁמֶן (shemen, H8081) — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
Quelle öffnen ↗פָּתַת (pâthath, H6626) — to open, i.e. break פַּת (path, H6595) — a bit יָצַק (yâtsaq, H3332) — properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as… שֶׁמֶן (shemen, H8081) — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually…
Quelle öffnen ↗קׇרְבָּן (qorbân, H7133) — something brought near the altar, i.e. a sacrificial present מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… מַרְחֶשֶׁת (marchesheth, H4802) — a stewpan עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application סֹלֶת (çôleth, H5560) — flour (as chipped off) שֶׁמֶן (shemen, H8081) — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
Quelle öffnen ↗בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God קָרַב (qârab, H7126) — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose כֹּהֵן (kôhên, H3548) — literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a… נָגַשׁ (nâgash, H5066) — to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a… מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbêach, H4196) — an altar
Quelle öffnen ↗כֹּהֵן (kôhên, H3548) — literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a… רוּם (rûwm, H7311) — to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively) מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… אַזְכָּרָה (ʼazkârâh, H234) — a reminder; specifically remembrance-offering קָטַר (qâṭar, H6999) — to smoke, i.e. turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship) מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbêach, H4196) — an altar אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H801) — properly, a burnt-offering; but occasionally of any sacrifice נִיחוֹחַ (nîychôwach, H5207) — properly, restful, i.e. pleasant; abstractly, delight רֵיחַ (rêyach, H7381) — odor (as if blown) יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God
Quelle öffnen ↗יָתַר (yâthar, H3498) — to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left;… מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… אַהֲרוֹן (ʼAhărôwn, H175) — Aharon, the brother of Moses בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… קֹדֶשׁ (qôdesh, H6944) — a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H801) — properly, a burnt-offering; but occasionally of any sacrifice יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God
Quelle öffnen ↗מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… קָרַב (qârab, H7126) — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application חָמֵץ (châmêts, H2557) — ferment, (figuratively) extortion קָטַר (qâṭar, H6999) — to smoke, i.e. turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship) שְׂאֹר (sᵉʼôr, H7603) — barm or yeast-cake (as swelling by fermentation) דְּבַשׁ (dᵉbash, H1706) — honey (from its stickiness); by analogy, syrup אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H801) — properly, a burnt-offering; but occasionally of any sacrifice
Quelle öffnen ↗קׇרְבָּן (qorbân, H7133) — something brought near the altar, i.e. a sacrificial present רֵאשִׁית (rêʼshîyth, H7225) — the first, in place, time, order or rank (specifically, a firstfruit) קָרַב (qârab, H7126) — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God עָלָה (ʻâlâh, H5927) — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of… מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbêach, H4196) — an altar נִיחוֹחַ (nîychôwach, H5207) — properly, restful, i.e. pleasant; abstractly, delight רֵיחַ (rêyach, H7381) — odor (as if blown)
Quelle öffnen ↗קׇרְבָּן (qorbân, H7133) — something brought near the altar, i.e. a sacrificial present מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… מָלַח (mâlach, H4414) — properly, to rub to pieces or pulverize; intransitively, to disappear as dust; to salt… מֶלַח (melach, H4417) — properly, powder, i.e. (specifically) salt (as easily pulverized and dissolved) בְּרִית (bᵉrîyth, H1285) — a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh) אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with… שָׁבַת (shâbath, H7673) — to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative,… קָרַב (qârab, H7126) — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose
Quelle öffnen ↗קָרַב (qârab, H7126) — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose מִנְחָה (minchâh, H4503) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually… בִּכּוּר (bikkûwr, H1061) — the first-fruits of the crop יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God אָבִיב (ʼâbîyb, H24) — green, i.e. a young ear of grain; hence, the name of the month Abib or Nisan קָלָה (qâlâh, H7033) — to toast, i.e. scorch partially or slowly אֵשׁ (ʼêsh, H784) — fire (literally or figuratively) גֶּרֶשׂ (geres, H1643) — a kernel (collectively), i.e. grain כַּרְמֶל (karmel, H3759) — a planted field (garden, orchard, vineyard or park); by implication, garden produce
Quelle öffnen ↗Querverweise
Andere Stellen, die die Gemeinschaft am häufigsten mit dieser verbindet. Zum Lesen antippen.
Und sie werden alle eure Brüder aus allen Nationen dem HERRN zur Gabe herbeibringen auf Pferden und auf Wagen und in Sänften, auf Maultieren und Dromedaren, zu meinem heiligen Berg, gen Jerusalem, spricht der HERR, gleichwie die Kinder Israel das Speisopfer in reinem Gefäß zum Hause des HERRN bringen.
Und ein anderer Engel kam und stellte sich an den Altar, der hatte eine goldene Räucherpfanne; und ihm wurde viel Räucherwerk gegeben, damit er es mitsamt den Gebeten aller Heiligen auf den goldenen Altar gäbe, der vor dem Throne ist.
Er brachte auch das Speisopfer herzu und nahm eine Handvoll davon und verbrannte es auf dem Altar, außer dem Brandopfer des Morgens.
Ihr aber, Geliebte, erbauet euch selbst auf euren allerheiligsten Glauben und betet im heiligen Geist;
Er brachte als seine Opfergabe herzu: eine silberne Schüssel, hundertunddreißig Schekel schwer; ein silbernes Sprengbecken, siebzig Schekel schwer nach dem Schekel des Heiligtums; beide voll Semmelmehl, mit Öl gemengt, zum Speisopfer;
Wer weiß, ob es ihn nicht wieder reuen, und ob er nicht einen Segen zurücklassen wird, Speis und Trankopfer für den HERRN, euren Gott?
Denn vom Aufgang der Sonne bis zu ihrem Niedergang ist mein Name groß unter den Heiden, und allenthalben werden meinem Namen Räucherwerk und reine Opfergabe dargebracht; denn groß ist mein Name unter den Heiden, spricht der HERR der Heerscharen.
und ungesäuertes Brot und ungesäuerte Kuchen, mit Öl gemengt, und ungesäuerte Fladen, mit Öl gesalbt; von Weizenmehl sollst du es alles machen;
Und die Salbung, die ihr von ihm empfangen habt, bleibt in euch, und ihr bedürfet nicht, daß euch jemand lehre; sondern so, wie euch die Salbung selbst über alles belehrt, ist es wahr und keine Lüge, und wie sie euch belehrt hat, so bleibet darin!
Und ihr habt die Salbung von dem Heiligen und wisset alles.