2. Mose 12
Eine verständliche Vertiefung zum ganzen Kapitel. Kapitel lesen →
Kommentare
Auszüge aus veröffentlichten Kommentaren, die die Auslegung untermauern.
The month Abib is to be considered as the commencement of the year, Exo 12:1, Exo 12:2. The Passover instituted; the lamb or kid to be used on the occasion to be taken from the flock the tenth day of the month, and each family to provide one, Exo 12:3, Exo 12:4. The lamb or kid to be a male of the first year without blemish, Exo 12:5. To be killed on the fourteenth day, Exo 12:6, and the blood to be sprinkled on the side posts and lintels of the doors, Exo 12:7. The flesh to be prepared by roasting, and not to be eaten either sodden or raw, Exo 12:8, Exo 12:9; and no part of it to be left till the morning, Exo 12:10. The people to eat it with their loins girded, etc., as persons prepared for a journey, Exo 12:11. Why called the Passover, Exo 12:12. The blood sprinkled on the door posts, etc., to be a token to them of preservation from the destroying angel, Exo 12:13. The fourteenth day of the month Abib to be a feast for ever, Exo 12:14. Unleavened bread to be eaten seven days, Exo 12:15. This also to be observed in all their generations for ever, Exo 12:17-20. Moses instructs the elders of Israel how they are to offer the lamb and sprinkle his blood, and for what purpose, Exo 12:21-23. He binds them to instruct their children in the nature of this rite, Exo 12:24-27. The children of Israel act as commanded, Exo 12:28. All the first-born of Egypt slain, Exo 12:29, Exo 12:30. Pharaoh and the Egyptians urge Moses, Aaron, and the Israelites to depart, Exo 12:31-33. They prepare for their departure, and get gold, silver, and raiment from the Egyptians, Exo 12:34-36. They journey from Rameses to Succoth, in number six hundred thousand men, besides women and children, and a mixed multitude, Exo 12:37, Exo 12:38. They bake unleavened cakes of the dough they brought with them o…
Quelle öffnen ↗THE PASSOVER INSTITUTED. (Exo 12:1-10) the Lord spake unto Moses--rather, "had spoken unto Moses and Aaron"; for it is evident that the communication here described must have been made to them on or before the tenth of the month.
Quelle öffnen ↗And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,.... Before they and the children of Israel came out of it, before the slaying of the firstborn, yea, before Moses came from the presence of Pharaoh, and had given him notice of it; and it is very probable even before the three days darkness, seeing it seems necessary it should be four days before the passover, since on the tenth day the lamb was to be taken, and on the fourteenth slain, Exo 12:3 and by what follows it looks as if it was at the beginning or first day of the month, and so the words may be rendered, "the Lord had spoke" (y); and the following account is deferred to this place, that there might be no interruption of the history of the plagues, and that the passover, with all its rites and ceremonies, both at the first institution and observance of it, and in later times, might be laid together. (y) "alloquutus antem fuerat", Junius & Tremellius, Piscator; "dixerat autem"; so some in Drusius, and Ainsworth.
Quelle öffnen ↗Institution of the Passover. - The deliverance of Israel from the bondage of Egypt was at hand; also their adoption as the nation of Jehovah (Exo 6:6-7). But for this a divine consecration was necessary, that their outward severance from the land of Egypt might be accompanied by an inward severance from everything of an Egyptian or heathen nature. This consecration was to be imparted by the Passover-a festival which was to lay the foundation for Israel's birth (Hos 2:5) into the new life of grace and fellowship with God, and to renew it perpetually in time to come. This festival was therefore instituted and commemorated before the exodus from Egypt. Vv. 1-28 contain the directions for the Passover: viz., Exo 12:1-14 for the keeping of the feast of the Passover before the departure from Egypt, and Exo 12:15-20 for the seven days' feast of unleavened bread. In Exo 12:21-27 Moses communicates to the elders of the nation the leading instructions as to the former feast, and the carrying out of those instructions is mentioned in Exo 12:28. Exo 12:1-2 By the words, "in the land of Egypt," the law of the Passover which follows is brought into connection with the giving of the law at Sinai and in the fields of Moab, and is distinguished in relation to the former as the first or foundation law for the congregation of Jehovah. The creation of Israel as the people of Jehovah (Isa 43:15) commenced with the institution of the Passover. As a proof of this, it was preceded by the appointment of a new era, fixing the commencement of the congregation of Jehovah. "This month" (i.e., the present in which ye stand) "be to you the head (i.e., the beginning) of the months, the first let it be to you for the months of the year;" i.e., let the numbering of the months, and therefore the year als…
Quelle öffnen ↗Moses and Aaron here receive of the Lord what they were afterwards to deliver to the people concerning the ordinance of the passover, to which is prefixed an order for a new style to be observed in their months (Exo 12:1, Exo 12:2): This shall be to you the beginning of months. They had hitherto begun their year from the middle of September, but henceforward they were to begin it from the middle of March, at least in all their ecclesiastical computations. Note, It is good to begin the day, and begin the year, and especially to begin our lives, with God. This new calculation began the year with the spring, which reneweth the face of the earth, and was used as a figure of the coming of Christ, Sol 2:11, Sol 2:12. We may suppose that, while Moses was bringing the ten plagues upon the Egyptians, he was directing the Israelites to prepare for their departure at an hour's warning. Probably he had be degrees brought them near together from their dispersions, for their are here called the congregation of Israel (Exo 12:3), and to them as a congregation orders are here sent. Their amazement and hurry, it is easy to suppose, were great; yet now they must apply themselves to the observance of a sacred rite, to the honour of God. Note, When our heads are fullest of care, and our hands of business, yet we must not forget our religion, nor suffer ourselves to be indisposed for acts of devotion. I. God appointed that on the night wherein they were to go out of Egypt they should, in each of their families, kill a lamb, or that two or three families, if they were small, should join for a lamb. The lamb was to be got ready four days before and that afternoon they were to kill it (Exo 12:6) as a sacrifice; not strictly, for it was not offered upon the altar, but as a religious ceremony, a…
Quelle öffnen ↗12:1-30 The Lord gave Moses instructions for the Passover meal and the Festival of Unleavened Bread (12:14-20), and Moses and the people observed the first Passover (12:21-30).
Quelle öffnen ↗Ursprache
Die hebräischen und griechischen Wörter hinter dieser Stelle, mit Strong-Nummern — von openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) מֹשֶׁה (Môsheh, H4872) — Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver אַהֲרוֹן (ʼAhărôwn, H175) — Aharon, the brother of Moses אֶרֶץ (ʼerets, H776) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land) מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim, H4714) — Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
Quelle öffnen ↗חֹדֶשׁ (chôdesh, H2320) — the new moon; by implication, a month רֹאשׁ (rôʼsh, H7218) — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of… רִאשׁוֹן (riʼshôwn, H7223) — first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun) שָׁנֶה (shâneh, H8141) — a year (as a revolution of time)
Quelle öffnen ↗דָבַר (dâbar, H1696) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a… עֵדָה (ʻêdâh, H5712) — a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd) יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl, H3478) — Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) עָשׂוֹר (ʻâsôwr, H6218) — ten; by abbreviated form ten strings, and so a decachord חֹדֶשׁ (chôdesh, H2320) — the new moon; by implication, a month לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… שֶׂה (seh, H7716) — a member of a flock, i.e. a sheep or goat בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) אָב (ʼâb, H1) — father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
Quelle öffnen ↗בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) הָיָה (hâyâh, H1961) — to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or… מָעַט (mâʻaṭ, H4591) — properly, to pare off, i.e. lessen; intransitively, to be (or causatively, to make) small… שֶׂה (seh, H7716) — a member of a flock, i.e. a sheep or goat שָׁכֵן (shâkên, H7934) — a resident; by extension, a fellow-citizen קָרוֹב (qârôwb, H7138) — near (in place, kindred or time) לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) מִכְסָה (mikçâh, H4373) — an enumeration; by implication, a valuation נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh, H5315) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in… אִישׁ (ʼîysh, H376) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term… פֶּה (peh, H6310) — the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech);… אֹכֶל (ʼôkel, H400) — food כָּסַס (kâçaç, H3699) — to estimate
Quelle öffnen ↗שֶׂה (seh, H7716) — a member of a flock, i.e. a sheep or goat תָּמִים (tâmîym, H8549) — entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth זָכָר (zâkâr, H2145) — properly, remembered, i.e. a male (of man or animals, as being the most noteworthy sex) בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… שָׁנֶה (shâneh, H8141) — a year (as a revolution of time) לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) כֶּבֶשׂ (kebes, H3532) — a ram (just old enough to butt) עֵז (ʻêz, H5795) — a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for…
Quelle öffnen ↗מִשְׁמֶרֶת (mishmereth, H4931) — watch, i.e. the act (custody), or (concretely) the sentry, the post; objectively… אַרְבַּע (ʼarbaʻ, H702) — four עָשָׂר (ʻâsâr, H6240) — ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… חֹדֶשׁ (chôdesh, H2320) — the new moon; by implication, a month כֹּל (kôl, H3605) — properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a… קָהָל (qâhâl, H6951) — assemblage (usually concretely) עֵדָה (ʻêdâh, H5712) — a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd) יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl, H3478) — Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity שָׁחַט (shâchaṭ, H7819) — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre) בֵּין (bêyn, H996) — between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction,… עֶרֶב (ʻereb, H6153) — dusk
Quelle öffnen ↗לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) דָּם (dâm, H1818) — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice… נָתַן (nâthan, H5414) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.) שְׁנַיִם (shᵉnayim, H8147) — two; also (as ordinal) twofold מְזוּזָה (mᵉzûwzâh, H4201) — a door-post (as prominent) מַשְׁקוֹף (mashqôwph, H4947) — a lintel בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) אָכַל (ʼâkal, H398) — to eat (literally or figuratively)
Quelle öffnen ↗אָכַל (ʼâkal, H398) — to eat (literally or figuratively) בָּשָׂר (bâsâr, H1320) — flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the… לַיִל (layil, H3915) — properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity צָלִי (tsâlîy, H6748) — roasted אֵשׁ (ʼêsh, H784) — fire (literally or figuratively) מַצָּה (matstsâh, H4682) — properly, sweetness; concretely, sweet (i.e. not soured or bittered with yeast);… מְרֹר (mᵉrôr, H4844) — a bitter herb
Quelle öffnen ↗אָכַל (ʼâkal, H398) — to eat (literally or figuratively) נָא (nâʼ, H4995) — properly, tough, i.e. uncooked (flesh) בָּשַׁל (bâshal, H1310) — properly, to boil up; hence, to be done in cooking; figuratively to ripen בָּשֵׁל (bâshêl, H1311) — boiled מַיִם (mayim, H4325) — water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen צָלִי (tsâlîy, H6748) — roasted אֵשׁ (ʼêsh, H784) — fire (literally or figuratively) רֹאשׁ (rôʼsh, H7218) — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of… כָּרָע (kârâʻ, H3767) — the leg (from the knee to the ankle) of men or locusts (only in the dual) קֶרֶב (qereb, H7130) — properly, the nearest part, i.e. the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial…
Quelle öffnen ↗יָתַר (yâthar, H3498) — to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left;… בֹּקֶר (bôqer, H1242) — properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning שָׂרַף (sâraph, H8313) — to be (causatively, set) on fire אֵשׁ (ʼêsh, H784) — fire (literally or figuratively)
Quelle öffnen ↗כָּכָה (kâkâh, H3602) — just so, referring to the previous or following context אָכַל (ʼâkal, H398) — to eat (literally or figuratively) מֹתֶן (môthen, H4975) — properly, the waist or small of the back; only in plural the loins חָגַר (châgar, H2296) — to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.) נַעַל (naʻal, H5275) — properly, a sandal tongue; by extension a sandal or slipper (sometimes as a symbol of… רֶגֶל (regel, H7272) — a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda מַקֵּל (maqqêl, H4731) — a shoot, i.e. stick (with leaves on, or for walking, striking, guiding, divining) יָד (yâd, H3027) — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), חִפָּזוֹן (chippâzôwn, H2649) — hasty flight יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God פֶּסַח (peçach, H6453) — a pretermission, i.e. exemption; used only techically of the Jewish Passover (the…
Quelle öffnen ↗עָבַר (ʻâbar, H5674) — to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive,… אֶרֶץ (ʼerets, H776) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land) מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim, H4714) — Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt לַיִל (layil, H3915) — properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity נָכָה (nâkâh, H5221) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively) בְּכוֹר (bᵉkôwr, H1060) — firstborn; hence, chief אָדָם (ʼâdâm, H120) — ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.) בְּהֵמָה (bᵉhêmâh, H929) — properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective) אֱלֹהִים (ʼĕlôhîym, H430) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with… עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application שֶׁפֶט (shepheṭ, H8201) — a sentence, i.e. infliction יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God
Quelle öffnen ↗דָּם (dâm, H1818) — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice… אוֹת (ʼôwth, H226) — a signal (literally or figuratively), as aflag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy,… בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) רָאָה (râʼâh, H7200) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied,… פָּסַח (pâçach, H6452) — to hop, i.e. (figuratively) skip over (or spare); by implication, to hesitate; also… נֶגֶף (negeph, H5063) — a trip (of the foot); figuratively, an infliction (of disease) מַשְׁחִית (mashchîyth, H4889) — destructive, i.e. (as noun) destruction, literally (specifically a snare) or figuratively… נָכָה (nâkâh, H5221) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively) אֶרֶץ (ʼerets, H776) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land) מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim, H4714) — Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
Quelle öffnen ↗יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… זִכְרוֹן (zikrôwn, H2146) — a memento (or memorable thing, day or writing) חָגַג (châgag, H2287) — properly, to move in acircle, i.e. (specifically) to march in asacred procession, to… חַג (chag, H2282) — a festival, or a victim therefor יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh, H3068) — Jehovah, Jewish national name of God דּוֹר (dôwr, H1755) — properly, a revolution of time, i.e. an age or generation; also a dwelling חֻקָּה (chuqqâh, H2708) — {an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)} עוֹלָם (ʻôwlâm, H5769) — properly, concealed, i.e. the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or…
Quelle öffnen ↗