1. Mose 14
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In the days of Amraphel - Who this king was is not known; and yet, from the manner in which he is spoken of in the text, it would seem that he was a person well known, even when Moses wrote this account. But the Vulgate gives a different turn to the place, by rendering the passage thus: Factum est in illo tempore, ut Amraphel, etc. "It came to pass in that time that Amraphel, etc." The Chaldee Targum of Onkelos makes Amraphel king of Babylon, others make him king of Assyria; some make him the same as Nimrod, and others, one of his descendants. Arioch king of Ellasar - Some think Syria is meant; but conjecture is endless where facts cannot be ascertained. Chedorlaomer king of Elam - Dr. Shuckford thinks that this was the same as Ninyas, the son of Ninus and Semiramis; and some think him to be the same with Keeumras, son of Doolaved, son of Arphaxad, son of Shem, son of Noah; and that Elam means Persia; see Gen 10:22. The Persian historians unanimously allow that Keeumras, whose name bears some affinity to Chedorlaomer, was the first king of the Peeshdadian dynasty. Tidal king of nations - גוים goyim, different peoples or clans. Probably some adventurous person, whose subjects were composed of refugees from different countries.
Quelle öffnen ↗WAR. (Gen. 14:1-24) And it came to pass--This chapter presents Abram in the unexpected character of a warrior. The occasion was this: The king of Sodom and the kings of the adjoining cities, after having been tributaries for twelve years to the king of Elam, combined to throw off his yoke. To chastise their rebellion, as he deemed it, Chedorlaomer, with the aid of three allies, invaded the territories of the refractory princes, defeated them in a pitched battle where the nature of the ground favored his army (Gen 14:10), and hastened in triumph on his homeward march, with a large amount of captives and booty, though merely a stranger.
Quelle öffnen ↗And it came to pass, in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar,.... Or Babylon, as Onkelos, where Nimrod began his kingdom, Gen 10:8. This was Nimrod himself, as the Jewish writers generally says; though more likely Ninyas the son of Ninus and Semiramis, and grandson of Nimrod; or rather some petty prince or deputy governor of Shinar, under the king of Babylon; since, though named first, he was not the principal in this war, but fought under the king of Elam, and as an ally and auxiliary of his; and it may be the kingdom of Babylon was not as yet of any great extent and power, and that all those stories told of Ninus, Semiramis, and Ninyas, are mere fables; and indeed we hear nothing in Scripture of this kingdom, and the kings of it, from this time, until the times of Merodach Baladan, the son of Baladan king of Babylon, in the reign of Hezekiah king of Judah; nor of the Assyrian kingdom, and the kings of it, until Pul king of Assyria, in the times of Menahem king of Israel; wherefore it is greatly to be questioned, whether those kingdoms rose to any considerable height until these times: though some think that Shinar here does not intend Shinar in Chaldea or Babylon, which was too far distant from Abram, but Shinar in Mesopotamia, a large city at the foot of a mountain, three days distant from Mansil, which is now, in Arabic, called Singjar, and by Ptolemy, Singara (n). Arioch king of Ellasar; or Telassar, according to the Targum of Jonathan, a place in Mesopotamia, inhabited by the children of Eden, Isa 37:12; and Stephanus (o) makes mention of a city in Coelesyria, upon the borders of Arabia, called Ellas, of which this prince may be thought to be the governor; or rather he was king of a people called Elesari, whose country is placed by Ptolemy (p) in Arabia; and could…
Quelle öffnen ↗The war, which furnished Abram with an opportunity, while in the promised land of which as yet he could not really call a single rood his own, to prove himself a valiant warrior, and not only to smite the existing chiefs of the imperial power of Asia, but to bring back to the kings of Canaan the booty that had been carried off, is circumstantially described, not so much in the interests of secular history as on account of its significance in relation to the kingdom of God. It is of importance, however, as a simple historical fact, to see that in the statement in Gen 14:1, the king of Shinar occupies the first place, although the king of Edom, Chedorlaomer, not only took the lead in the expedition, and had allied himself for that purpose with the other kings, but had previously subjugated the cities of the valley of Siddim, and therefore had extended his dominion very widely over hither Asia. If, notwithstanding this, the time of the war related here is connected with "the days of Amraphel, king of Shinar," this is done, no doubt, with reference to the fact that the first worldly kingdom was founded in Shinar by Nimrod (Gen 10:10), a kingdom which still existed under Amraphel, though it was now confined to Shinar itself, whilst Elam possessed the supremacy in inner Asia. There is no ground whatever for regarding the four kings mentioned in Gen 14:1 as four Assyrian generally or viceroys, as Josephus has done in direct contradiction to the biblical text; for, according to the more careful historical researches, the commencement of the Assyrian kingdom belongs to a later period; and Berosus speaks of an earlier Median rule in Babylon, which reaches as far back as the age of the patriarchs (cf. M. v. Niebuhr, Gesch. Assurs, p. 271). It appears significant also, that the imp…
Quelle öffnen ↗We have here an account of the first war that ever we read of in scripture, which (though the wars of the nations make the greatest figure in history) we should not have had the history of if Abram and Lot had not been concerned in it. Now, concerning this war, we may observe, I. The parties engaged in it. The invaders were four kings, two of them no less than kings of Shinar and Elam (that is, Chaldea and Persia), yet probably not the sovereign princes of those great kingdoms in their own persons, but either officers under them, or rather the heads and leaders of some colonies which came out of those great nations, and settled themselves near Sodom, but retained the names of the countries from which they had their origin. The invaded were the kings of five cities that lay near together in the plain of Jordan, namely, Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Zoar. Four of them are named, but not the fifth, the king of Zoar or Bela, either because he was much more mean and inconsiderable or because he was much more wicked and inglorious than the rest, and worthy to be forgotten. II. The occasion of this war was the revolt of the five kings from under the government of Chedorlaomer. Twelve years they served him. Small joy they had of their fruitful land, while thus they were tributaries to a foreign power, and could not call what they had their own. Rich countries are a desirable prey, and idle luxurious countries are an easy prey, to growing greatness. The Sodomites were the posterity of Canaan whom Noah had pronounced a servant to Shem, from whom Elam descended; thus soon did that prophecy begin to e fulfilled. In the thirteenth year, beginning to be weary of their subjection, they rebelled, denied their tribute, and attempted to shake off the yoke and retrieve their ancien…
Quelle öffnen ↗14:1-16 In this skirmish typical of ancient politics, powerful kings formed a coalition to subjugate smaller vassal states. 14:1-2 Archaeology has not identified these kings, but similar names from antiquity corroborate the report’s accuracy. The Mesopotamian kings were confederates under a suzerain, apparently Amraphel, who is mentioned first. 14:1 Tidal apparently ruled a number of city-states (Goiim, literally nations).
Quelle öffnen ↗Ursprache
Die hebräischen und griechischen Wörter hinter dieser Stelle, mit Strong-Nummern — von openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… אַמְרָפֶל (ʼAmrâphel, H569) — Amraphel, a king of Shinar מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king שִׁנְעָר (Shinʻâr, H8152) — Shinar, a plain in Babylonia אֲרְיוֹךְ (ʼĂryôwk, H746) — Arjok, the name of two Babylonians אֶלָּסָר (ʼEllâçâr, H495) — Ellasar, an early country of Asia כְּדׇרְלָעֹמֶר (Kᵉdorlâʻômer, H3540) — Kedorlaomer, an early Persian king עֵילָם (ʻÊylâm, H5867) — Elam, a son of Shem and his descendants, with their country; also of six Israelites תִּדְעָל (Tidʻâl, H8413) — Tidal, a Canaanite גּוֹי (gôwy, H1471) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight…
Quelle öffnen ↗עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) אֵת (ʼêth, H854) — properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally,… בֶּרַע (Beraʻ, H1298) — Bera, a Sodomitish king מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king סְדֹם (Çᵉdôm, H5467) — Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea בִּרְשַׁע (Birshaʻ, H1306) — Birsha, a king of Gomorrah עֲמֹרָה (ʻĂmôrâh, H6017) — Amorah, a place in Palestine שִׁנְאָב (Shinʼâb, H8134) — Shinab, a Canaanite אַדְמָה (ʼAdmâh, H126) — Admah, a place near the Dead Sea שֶׁמְאֵבֶר (Shemʼêber, H8038) — Shemeber, a king of Zeboim צְבֹאִים (Tsᵉbôʼîym, H6636) — Tseboim or Tsebijim, a place in Palestine בֶּלַע (Belaʻ, H1106) — Bela, the name of a place, also of an Edomite and of two Israelites הוּא (hûwʼ, H1931) — he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self,…
Quelle öffnen ↗חָבַר (châbar, H2266) — to join (literally or figuratively); specifically (by means of spells) to fascinate עֵמֶק (ʻêmeq, H6010) — a vale (i.e. broad depression) שִׂדִּים (Siddîym, H7708) — Siddim, a valley in Palestine הוּא (hûwʼ, H1931) — he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self,… מֶלַח (melach, H4417) — properly, powder, i.e. (specifically) salt (as easily pulverized and dissolved) יָם (yâm, H3220) — a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the…
Quelle öffnen ↗עָשָׂר (ʻâsâr, H6240) — ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth שְׁנַיִם (shᵉnayim, H8147) — two; also (as ordinal) twofold שָׁנֶה (shâneh, H8141) — a year (as a revolution of time) עָבַד (ʻâbad, H5647) — to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc. אֵת (ʼêth, H853) — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or… כְּדׇרְלָעֹמֶר (Kᵉdorlâʻômer, H3540) — Kedorlaomer, an early Persian king שָׁלוֹשׁ (shâlôwsh, H7969) — three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice מָרַד (mârad, H4775) — to rebel
Quelle öffnen ↗עָשָׂר (ʻâsâr, H6240) — ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth אַרְבַּע (ʼarbaʻ, H702) — four שָׁנֶה (shâneh, H8141) — a year (as a revolution of time) בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) כְּדׇרְלָעֹמֶר (Kᵉdorlâʻômer, H3540) — Kedorlaomer, an early Persian king מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king נָכָה (nâkâh, H5221) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively) רָפָא (râphâʼ, H7497) — a giant עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם (ʻAshtᵉrôth Qarnayim, H6255) — Ashteroth-Karnaim, a place East of the Jordan זוּזִים (Zûwzîym, H2104) — Zuzites, an aboriginal tribe of Palestine הָם (Hâm, H1990) — Ham, a region of Palestine אֵימִים (ʼÊymîym, H368) — Emim, an early Canaanitish (or Maobitish) tribe שָׁוֵה קִרְיָתַיִם (Shâvêh Qiryâthayim, H7741) — Shaveh-Kirjathajim, a place East of the Jordan
Quelle öffnen ↗חֹרִי (Chôrîy, H2752) — a Chorite or aboriginal Idumaean הָרָר (hârâr, H2042) — a mountain שֵׂעִיר (Sêʻîyr, H8165) — Seir, a mountain of Idumaea and its aboriginal occupants, also one in Palestine אֵיל פָּארָן (ʼÊyl Pâʼrân, H364) — El-Paran, a portion of the district of Paran עַל (ʻal, H5921) — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect)… מִדְבָּר (midbâr, H4057) — a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also…
Quelle öffnen ↗שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) אֵל (ʼêl, H413) — near, with or among; often in general, to עֵין מִשְׁפָּט (ʻÊyn Mishpâṭ, H5880) — En-Mishpat, a place near Palestine קָדֵשׁ (Qâdêsh, H6946) — Kadesh, a place in the Desert נָכָה (nâkâh, H5221) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively) שָׂדֶה (sâdeh, H7704) — a field (as flat) עֲמָלֵקִי (ʻĂmâlêqîy, H6003) — an Amalekite (or collectively the Amalekites) or descendants of Amalek אֱמֹרִי (ʼĔmôrîy, H567) — an Emorite, one of the Canaanitish tribes יָשַׁב (yâshab, H3427) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to… חַצְצוֹן תָּמָר (Chatsᵉtsôwn Tâmâr, H2688) — Chatsetson-tamar, a place in Palestine
Quelle öffnen ↗יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king סְדֹם (Çᵉdôm, H5467) — Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea עֲמֹרָה (ʻĂmôrâh, H6017) — Amorah, a place in Palestine אַדְמָה (ʼAdmâh, H126) — Admah, a place near the Dead Sea צְבֹאִים (Tsᵉbôʼîym, H6636) — Tseboim or Tsebijim, a place in Palestine בֶּלַע (Belaʻ, H1106) — Bela, the name of a place, also of an Edomite and of two Israelites הוּא (hûwʼ, H1931) — he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self,… צֹעַר (Tsôʻar, H6820) — Tsoar, a place East of the Jordan עָרַךְ (ʻârak, H6186) — to set in a row, i.e. arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications) מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare) עֵמֶק (ʻêmeq, H6010) — a vale (i.e. broad depression) שִׂדִּים (Siddîym, H7708) — Siddim, a valley in Palestine
Quelle öffnen ↗כְּדׇרְלָעֹמֶר (Kᵉdorlâʻômer, H3540) — Kedorlaomer, an early Persian king מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king עֵילָם (ʻÊylâm, H5867) — Elam, a son of Shem and his descendants, with their country; also of six Israelites תִּדְעָל (Tidʻâl, H8413) — Tidal, a Canaanite גּוֹי (gôwy, H1471) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight… אַמְרָפֶל (ʼAmrâphel, H569) — Amraphel, a king of Shinar שִׁנְעָר (Shinʻâr, H8152) — Shinar, a plain in Babylonia אֲרְיוֹךְ (ʼĂryôwk, H746) — Arjok, the name of two Babylonians אֶלָּסָר (ʼEllâçâr, H495) — Ellasar, an early country of Asia אַרְבַּע (ʼarbaʻ, H702) — four חָמֵשׁ (châmêsh, H2568) — five
Quelle öffnen ↗עֵמֶק (ʻêmeq, H6010) — a vale (i.e. broad depression) שִׂדִּים (Siddîym, H7708) — Siddim, a valley in Palestine בְּאֵר (bᵉʼêr, H875) — a pit; especially a well חֵמָר (chêmâr, H2564) — bitumen (as rising to the surface) מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king סְדֹם (Çᵉdôm, H5467) — Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea עֲמֹרָה (ʻĂmôrâh, H6017) — Amorah, a place in Palestine נוּס (nûwç, H5127) — to flit, i.e. vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver) נָפַל (nâphal, H5307) — to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or… שָׁאַר (shâʼar, H7604) — properly, to swell up, i.e. be (causatively, make) redundant הַר (har, H2022) — a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
Quelle öffnen ↗לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) רְכוּשׁ (rᵉkûwsh, H7399) — property (as gathered) סְדֹם (Çᵉdôm, H5467) — Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea עֲמֹרָה (ʻĂmôrâh, H6017) — Amorah, a place in Palestine אֹכֶל (ʼôkel, H400) — food יָלַךְ (yâlak, H3212) — to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)
Quelle öffnen ↗לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) לוֹט (Lôwṭ, H3876) — Lot, Abraham's nephew אַבְרָם (ʼAbrâm, H87) — Abram, the original name of Abraham אָח (ʼâch, H251) — a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or… בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… יָשַׁב (yâshab, H3427) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to… סְדֹם (Çᵉdôm, H5467) — Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea רְכוּשׁ (rᵉkûwsh, H7399) — property (as gathered) יָלַךְ (yâlak, H3212) — to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)
Quelle öffnen ↗בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) פָּלִיט (pâlîyṭ, H6412) — a refugee נָגַד (nâgad, H5046) — properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to… אַבְרָם (ʼAbrâm, H87) — Abram, the original name of Abraham עִבְרִי (ʻIbrîy, H5680) — an Eberite (i.e. Hebrew) or descendant of Eber שָׁכַן (shâkan, H7931) — to reside or permanently stay (literally or figuratively) אֵלוֹן (ʼêlôwn, H436) — an oak or other strong tree מַמְרֵא (Mamrêʼ, H4471) — Mamre, an Amorite אֱמֹרִי (ʼĔmôrîy, H567) — an Emorite, one of the Canaanitish tribes אָח (ʼâch, H251) — a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or… אֶשְׁכֹּל (ʼEshkôl, H812) — Eshcol, the name of an Amorite, also of a valley in Palestine עָנֵר (ʻÂnêr, H6063) — Aner, a Amorite, also a place in Palestine בַּעַל (baʻal, H1167) — a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in… בְּרִית (bᵉrîyth, H1285) — a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
Quelle öffnen ↗אַבְרָם (ʼAbrâm, H87) — Abram, the original name of Abraham שָׁמַע (shâmaʻ, H8085) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively,… אָח (ʼâch, H251) — a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or… שָׁבָה (shâbâh, H7617) — to transport into captivity רוּק (rûwq, H7324) — to pour out (literally or figuratively), i.e. empty חָנִיךְ (chânîyk, H2593) — initiated; i.e. practiced יָלִיד (yâlîyd, H3211) — born בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) שָׁלוֹשׁ (shâlôwsh, H7969) — three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice מֵאָה (mêʼâh, H3967) — a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction עָשָׂר (ʻâsâr, H6240) — ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth שְׁמֹנֶה (shᵉmôneh, H8083) — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven); also (as ordinal)… רָדַף (râdaph, H7291) — to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively (of time) gone by) דָּן (Dân, H1835) — Dan, one of the sons of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory;…
Quelle öffnen ↗Querverweise
Andere Stellen, die die Gemeinschaft am häufigsten mit dieser verbindet. Zum Lesen antippen.
Und der Anfang seines Königreiches war Babel, Erek, Akkad und Kalne im Lande Sinear.
Haben etwa die Götter der Heiden die errettet, welche meine Väter vernichtet haben, nämlich Gosan, Haran, Rezeph und die Kinder von Eden, die zu Telassar waren?
Sems Söhne waren Elam, Assur, Arpakschad, Lud und Aram.
Da sie nun gen Osten zogen, fanden sie eine Ebene im Lande Sinear, und sie ließen sich daselbst nieder.
Zu jener Zeit wird der Herr zum zweitenmal seine Hand ausstrecken, um den Rest seines Volkes loszukaufen, der übriggeblieben ist in Assyrien, Ägypten, Patros, Äthiopien, Elam, Sinear, in Chamat und den Inseln des Meeres.
alle Könige von Simri und alle Könige von Elam samt allen Königen von Medien;
Elam trägt den Köcher, neben bemannten Wagen kommen Reiter daher, Kir entblößt den Schild.
Da ist auch Elam und alle seine Menge rings um sein Grab; sie alle sind erschlagen, durchs Schwert gefallen, unbeschnitten in die Unterwelt hinabgefahren; sie, die einst Schrecken verbreiteten im Lande der Lebendigen und nun ihre Schmach tragen mit denen, welche in die Grube hinabgefahren sind.
Und der Herr gab Jojakim, den König von Juda, in seine Gewalt, auch einen Teil der Geräte des Hauses Gottes; diese führte er hinweg in das Land Sinear, in das Haus seines Gottes, und brachte sie daselbst in die Schatzkammer seines Gottes.
Er antwortete mir: Ihm ein Haus zu bauen im Lande Sinear, damit es dort hingesetzt werde und an seinem Orte bleibe.