2. Samuel 11
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When kings go forth - This was about a year after the war with the Syrians spoken of before, and about the spring of the year, as the most proper season for military operations. Calmet thinks they made two campaigns, one in autumn and the other in spring; the winter being in many respects inconvenient, and the summer too hot.
Quelle öffnen ↗JOAB BESIEGES RABBAH. (Sa2 11:1) at the time when kings go forth to battle--The return of spring was the usual time of commencing military operations. This expedition took place the year following the war against the Syrians; and it was entered upon because the disaster of the former campaign having fallen chiefly upon the Syrian mercenaries, the Ammonites had not been punished for their insult to the ambassadors. David sent Joab and his servants . . . they destroyed the children of Ammon--The powerful army that Joab commanded ravaged the Ammonite country and committed great havoc both on the people and their property, until having reached the capital, they besieged Rabbah-- Rabbah denotes a great city. This metropolis of the Ammonites was situated in the mountainous tract of Gilead, not far from the source of the Arnon. Extensive ruins are still found on its site.
Quelle öffnen ↗And it came to pass, that after the year was expired,.... Or at the end of the year, as the Targum, which concluded with the month Adar or February, the spring of the year: at the time when kings go forth to battle; in the month Nisan, as the Targum on Ch1 20:1; adds, the same with Abib, which was the first month of the year, Exo 12:2, a fit time to go out to war; when, as the Jewish commentators observe, the rains were over, and there were grass in the fields, and fruit on the trees, and corn ripe, and so food for horse and men. This month was called Nisan, as some think (d), from the military banners then erected; so by the Romans it is called Martius, and by us March, from Mars, the god of war; though some (e) take this to be the month Tisri, answering to part of September, and part of October, when all the fruits of the earth were gathered in, and supposed to be a fit time for war, when the heat of the year was declining: that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; his whole army under Joab as general; in Ch1 20:1; it is "the power of the army"; the whole body of it: and they destroyed the children of Ammon; burnt their cities, and slew the inhabitants of them, and laid their land waste wherever they came: and besieged Rabbah; their chief city, called Rabathamana by Polybius (f), that is, Rabbah of Ammon, and afterwards. Philadelphia, from Philadelphus, king of Egypt, as it was in the times of Jerom (g): but David tarried still at Jerusalem; which is observed for the sake of the following history; it would have been well for him if he had gone forth with the army himself, then the sin he fell into would have been prevented. (d) Vid. Bochart. Hierozoic. par. 1. l. 2. c. 50. col. 557. (e) Weemse of the Judicial Law, c. 28. p. 106. (f) Hist. l. 5.…
Quelle öffnen ↗(Cf. Ch1 20:1). Siege of Rabbah. - "And it came to pass at the return of the year, at the time when the kings marched out, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the Ammonites and besieged Rabbah: but David remained in Jerusalem." This verse is connected with Sa2 10:14, where it was stated that after Joab had put to flight the Aramaeans who came to the help of the Ammonites, and when the Ammonites also had fallen back before Abishai in consequence of this victory, and retreated into their fortified capital, Joab himself returned to Jerusalem. He remained there during the winter or rainy season, in which it was impossible that war should be carried on. At the return of the year, i.e., at the commencement of spring, with which the new years began in the month Abib (Nisan), the time when kings who were engaged in war were accustomed to open their campaign, David sent Joab his commander-in-chief with the whole of the Israelitish forces to attack the Ammonites once more, for the purpose of chastising them and conquering their capital. The Chethibh המּלאכים should be changed into המּלכים, according to the Keri and the text of the Chronicles. The א interpolated is a perfectly superfluous mater lectionis, and probably crept into the text from a simple oversight. The "servants" of David with Joab were not the men performing military service, or soldiers, (in which case "all Israel" could only signify the people called out to war in extraordinary circumstances), but the king's military officers, the military commanders; and "all Israel," the whole of the military forces of Israel. Instead of "the children of Ammon" we find "the country of the children of Ammon," which explains the meaning more fully. But there was no necessity to inser…
Quelle öffnen ↗Here is, I. David's glory, in pursuing the war against the Ammonites, Sa2 11:1. We cannot take that pleasure in viewing this great action which hitherto we have taken in observing David's achievements, because the beauty of it was stained and sullied by sin; otherwise we might take notice of David's wisdom and bravery in following his blow. Having routed the army of the Ammonites in the field, as soon as ever the season of the year permitted he sent more forces to waste the country and further to avenge the quarrel of his ambassadors. Rabbah, their metropolis, made a stand, and held out a great while. To this city Joab laid close siege, and it was at the time of this siege that David fell into this sin. II. David's shame, in being himself conquered, and led captive by his own lust. The sin he was guilty of was adultery, against the letter of the seventh commandment, and (in the judgment of the patriarchal age) a heinous crime, and an iniquity to be punished by the judges (Job 31:11), a sin which takes away the heart, and gets a man a wound and dishonour, more than any other, and the reproach of which is not wiped away. 1. Observe the occasions which led to this sin. (1.) Neglect of his business. When he should have been abroad with his army in the field, fighting the battles of the Lord, he devolved the care upon others, and he himself tarried still at Jerusalem, Sa2 11:1. To the war with the Syrians David went in person, Sa2 10:17. Had he been now at his post at the head of his forces, he would have been out of the way of this temptation. When we are out of the way of our duty we are in the way of temptation. (2.) Love of ease, and the indulgence of a slothful temper: He came off his bed at evening-tide, Sa2 11:2. There he had dozed away the afternoon in idleness, whic…
Quelle öffnen ↗11:1-27 David’s affair with Bathsheba and the murder of her husband Uriah show that David was capable of great failure and cast a dark shadow over David’s life and career. These failures came during a time of great military success against the Ammonites (10:1–11:1; 12:26-31). 11:1 In the spring of the year, the land began to dry out after the heavy winter rains. Kings avoided war during the rainy season. • David stayed behind either because he was irresponsible in carrying out his royal duties or because he trusted Joab to efficiently handle the Ammonite problem (cp. 10:7). This is the first mention of a leader of Israel staying off the battlefield in a time of war.
Quelle öffnen ↗Ursprache
Die hebräischen und griechischen Wörter hinter dieser Stelle, mit Strong-Nummern — von openscriptures (CC BY-SA).
שָׁנֶה (shâneh, H8141) — a year (as a revolution of time) תְּשׁוּבָה (tᵉshûwbâh, H8666) — a recurrence (of time or place); a reply (as returned) עֵת (ʻêth, H6256) — time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc. מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king מֲלְאָךְ (mălʼâk, H4397) — a messenger; specifically, of God, i.e. an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher) יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) יוֹאָב (Yôwʼâb, H3097) — Joab, the name of three Israelites עֶבֶד (ʻebed, H5650) — a servant יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl, H3478) — Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity שָׁחַת (shâchath, H7843) — to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively) בֵּן (bên, H1121) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative… עַמּוֹן (ʻAmmôwn, H5983) — Ammon, a son of Lot; also his posterity and their country
Quelle öffnen ↗עֶרֶב (ʻereb, H6153) — dusk עֵת (ʻêth, H6256) — time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc. דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse קוּם (qûwm, H6965) — to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative) מִשְׁכָּב (mishkâb, H4904) — a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse הָלַךְ (hâlak, H1980) — to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively) גָּג (gâg, H1406) — a roof; by analogy, the top of an altar מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) רָאָה (râʼâh, H7200) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied,… אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman רָחַץ (râchats, H7364) — to lave (the whole or a part of a thing) מְאֹד (mᵉʼôd, H3966) — properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication,… טוֹב (ṭôwb, H2896) — good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the…
Quelle öffnen ↗דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) דָּרַשׁ (dârash, H1875) — properly, to tread or frequent; usually to follow (for pursuit or search); by… אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) בַּת־שֶׁבַע (Bath-Shebaʻ, H1339) — Bath-Sheba, the mother of Solomon בַּת (bath, H1323) — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and… אֱלִיעָם (ʼĔlîyʻâm, H463) — Eliam, an Israelite אוּרִיָּה (ʼÛwrîyâh, H223) — Urijah, the name of one Hittite and five Israelites חִתִּי (Chittîy, H2850) — a Chittite, or descendant of Cheth
Quelle öffnen ↗דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) מֲלְאָךְ (mălʼâk, H4397) — a messenger; specifically, of God, i.e. an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher) לָקַח (lâqach, H3947) — to take (in the widest variety of applications) בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) שָׁכַב (shâkab, H7901) — to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose) קָדַשׁ (qâdash, H6942) — to be (causatively, make, pronounce or observe as) clean (ceremonially or morally) טֻמְאָה (ṭumʼâh, H2932) — religious impurity שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not… בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
Quelle öffnen ↗אִשָּׁה (ʼishshâh, H802) — a woman הָרָה (hârâh, H2029) — to be (or become) pregnant, conceive (literally or figuratively) שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) נָגַד (nâgad, H5046) — properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to… דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) הָרֶה (hâreh, H2030) — pregnant
Quelle öffnen ↗דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) יוֹאָב (Yôwʼâb, H3097) — Joab, the name of three Israelites אוּרִיָּה (ʼÛwrîyâh, H223) — Urijah, the name of one Hittite and five Israelites חִתִּי (Chittîy, H2850) — a Chittite, or descendant of Cheth
Quelle öffnen ↗אוּרִיָּה (ʼÛwrîyâh, H223) — Urijah, the name of one Hittite and five Israelites בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse שָׁאַל (shâʼal, H7592) — to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand יוֹאָב (Yôwʼâb, H3097) — Joab, the name of three Israelites שָׁלוֹם (shâlôwm, H7965) — safe, i.e. (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health,… עַם (ʻam, H5971) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence… מִלְחָמָה (milchâmâh, H4421) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare)
Quelle öffnen ↗דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) אוּרִיָּה (ʼÛwrîyâh, H223) — Urijah, the name of one Hittite and five Israelites יָרַד (yârad, H3381) — to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the… בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) רָחַץ (râchats, H7364) — to lave (the whole or a part of a thing) רֶגֶל (regel, H7272) — a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king אַחַר (ʼachar, H310) — properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various… מַשְׂאֵת (masʼêth, H4864) — properly, (abstractly) a raising (as of the hands in prayer), or rising (of flame);…
Quelle öffnen ↗אוּרִיָּה (ʼÛwrîyâh, H223) — Urijah, the name of one Hittite and five Israelites שָׁכַב (shâkab, H7901) — to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose) פֶּתַח (pethach, H6607) — an opening (literally), i.e. door (gate) or entrance way מֶלֶךְ (melek, H4428) — a king בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) עֶבֶד (ʻebed, H5650) — a servant אָדוֹן (ʼâdôwn, H113) — sovereign, i.e. controller (human or divine) יָרַד (yârad, H3381) — to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the…
Quelle öffnen ↗נָגַד (nâgad, H5046) — properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to… דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) אוּרִיָּה (ʼÛwrîyâh, H223) — Urijah, the name of one Hittite and five Israelites יָרַד (yârad, H3381) — to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the… בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.) בּוֹא (bôwʼ, H935) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) דֶּרֶךְ (derek, H1870) — a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
Quelle öffnen ↗אוּרִיָּה (ʼÛwrîyâh, H223) — Urijah, the name of one Hittite and five Israelites אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse אָרוֹן (ʼârôwn, H727) — a box יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl, H3478) — Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity יְהוּדָה (Yᵉhûwdâh, H3063) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the… יָשַׁב (yâshab, H3427) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to… סֻכָּה (çukkâh, H5521) — a hut or lair אָדוֹן (ʼâdôwn, H113) — sovereign, i.e. controller (human or divine) יוֹאָב (Yôwʼâb, H3097) — Joab, the name of three Israelites עֶבֶד (ʻebed, H5650) — a servant חָנָה (chânâh, H2583) — properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening);… פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and… שָׂדֶה (sâdeh, H7704) — a field (as flat)
Quelle öffnen ↗דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse אָמַר (ʼâmar, H559) — to say (used with great latitude) אוּרִיָּה (ʼÛwrîyâh, H223) — Urijah, the name of one Hittite and five Israelites יָשַׁב (yâshab, H3427) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to… יוֹם (yôwm, H3117) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to… מָחָר (mâchâr, H4279) — properly, deferred, i.e. the morrow; usually (adverbially) tomorrow; indefinitely,… שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם (Yᵉrûwshâlaim, H3389) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine מׇחֳרָת (mochŏrâth, H4283) — the morrow or (adverbially) tomorrow
Quelle öffnen ↗דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121) — to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of… אָכַל (ʼâkal, H398) — to eat (literally or figuratively) שָׁתָה (shâthâh, H8354) — to imbibe (literally or figuratively) פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and… שָׁכַר (shâkar, H7937) — to become tipsy; in a qualified sense, to satiate with astimulating drink or… עֶרֶב (ʻereb, H6153) — dusk יָצָא (yâtsâʼ, H3318) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and… שָׁכַב (shâkab, H7901) — to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose) מִשְׁכָּב (mishkâb, H4904) — a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse עֶבֶד (ʻebed, H5650) — a servant אָדוֹן (ʼâdôwn, H113) — sovereign, i.e. controller (human or divine) יָרַד (yârad, H3381) — to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the… בַּיִת (bayith, H1004) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
Quelle öffnen ↗בֹּקֶר (bôqer, H1242) — properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning דָּוִד (Dâvid, H1732) — David, the youngest son of Jesse כָּתַב (kâthab, H3789) — to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe) סֵפֶר (çêpher, H5612) — properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book יוֹאָב (Yôwʼâb, H3097) — Joab, the name of three Israelites שָׁלַח (shâlach, H7971) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications) יָד (yâd, H3027) — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), אוּרִיָּה (ʼÛwrîyâh, H223) — Urijah, the name of one Hittite and five Israelites
Quelle öffnen ↗Querverweise
Andere Stellen, die die Gemeinschaft am häufigsten mit dieser verbindet. Zum Lesen antippen.
Und nach Verfluß eines Jahres, zur Zeit, da die Könige ausziehen, führte Joab die Kriegsmacht aus und verheerte das Land der Kinder Ammon; und er kam und belagerte Rabba, während David in Jerusalem blieb, und Joab eroberte Rabba und zerstörte es.
Als nun das Jahr vorbei war, musterte Benhadad die Syrer und zog herauf gen Aphek, um wider Israel zu streiten.
Da trat der Prophet zum König von Israel und sprach zu ihm: Gehe hin, stärke dich und merke und siehe zu, was du zu tun hast; denn der König von Syrien wird wider dich heraufziehen, wenn das Jahr vorbei ist!
Lieben hat seine Zeit, und Hassen hat seine Zeit; Krieg hat seine Zeit, und Friede hat seine Zeit.
Aber um die Jahreswende sandte Nebukadnezar hin und ließ ihn nach Babel holen samt den kostbaren Geräten des Hauses des HERRN, und machte Zedekia, seinen Bruder, zum König über Juda und Jerusalem.
daß die Herzen verzagen und die Gefallenen zahlreich werden an allen ihren Toren, habe ich wider sie das drohende Schwert gezogen. Wehe, zum Blitzen ist es gemacht, zur Schlachtung geschärft!
(Denn der König Og zu Basan war allein noch übrig von den Rephaitern. Siehe, sein Bett, ein eisernes Bett, ist es nicht zu Rabbat der Kinder Ammon? Es ist neun Ellen lang und vier Ellen breit, nach der Elle eines Mannes.)
Aber der HERR wird ausziehen und streiten wieder jene Nationen, wie dereinst am Tage seines Kampfes, am Tage der Schlacht.